Title : Hereford Mappa Mundi: Legendary Cities, Monstrous Races, and Curious Beasts in a Single World Map
link : Hereford Mappa Mundi: Legendary Cities, Monstrous Races, and Curious Beasts in a Single World Map
Hereford Mappa Mundi: Legendary Cities, Monstrous Races, and Curious Beasts in a Single World Map
Liz Leafloorancient origins
Secreted away under the floor of an English cathedral was a large canvas calfskin with which, first glance, it seems a world map. Once recovered and repaired, the map has been found to date to 1285. While a large number of cities and towns are represented in the medieval world map, more than 500 ink drawings illustrate biblical events, exotic plants and animals, wild animals and strange, and classical myths. More than just a map, the "world cloth" remains one of the greatest works of art of survival of the Middle Ages.
Known as the World Map of Hereford, medieval, work history shows , religion and mythology depicted in intricate detail on a single sheet of vellum or leather calf preserved. The five feet tall skin is stretched by four feet wide, and is attached to a wooden frame oak. The remarkable artifact remains the largest medieval map is still known to exist.
The illustrations ink tangled black, gold, green and blue, reflect a medieval European understanding of the known world at that time and also the world unknown supernatural- not simply highlighting the human world of men, cities and seas, but the whole gruesome bestiary of mythical creatures and strange cultures of distant lands. It was not for use as a navigation tool, but it was an artistic compendium of people, parables and places.
The World Map of Hereford. Public Domain villages
The most obvious is mapping the world map. East is at the top of the map, as this orientation shown sunrise and the second coming of Christ. The world is a circle, and because of their Christian framework, Jerusalem is at its center, a common theme in medieval cartography. In the middle of the path of a small hole has been drilled an instrument compass was used to create a perfect circle that became an image of a fortified wall with eight towers.
Continents included are from Asia, Africa, Europe and the Mediterranean.
Approximately 420 towns and cities of the time are represented on the map, such as Rome and Paris (and Hereford) and oceans and important landmarks.
Detail showing Africa south of the river Nile. A troglodyte rides a goat-beast, and Blemmyes headless Myths and legends
Eight classic legends are included in the map prepared.
the golden Fleece as Quested by Jason and the Argonauts is drawn on the Black Sea coast.
the Labyrinth of Crete joined the mythical Minotaur is depicted on vellum. It was a recognizable symbol in the Middle Ages, as mazes were presented on the floor of paving cathedrals. These winding roads acted as spiritual pilgrimages of the faithful.
In classical mythology, the Pillars of Hercules represented the western edge of the inhabited world known. This is marked on the world map in the Strait of Gibraltar.
Even the camp of Alexander the Great is shown on the map. Legends of the works and successes of the heroic leader were popular among scholars of the time. Alejandro camp shows how many stores high and strong wall runs along their camp, which was thought to have built to repel Alexander and imprisoning the "destructive evil of the children of Cain." The area below what is attributed to the "Scythian races", and as knowledge of this region was limited, the area is decorated with dramatic and wild images.
Bible Stories
Jesus is at the top of the map, highlighting its significance and importance of the Christian faith. Throughout his right, people travel from death in heaven, and to his left, the damned are chained and dragged to hell, represented by jaws of an animal, including sharp teeth and bright eyes.
15 Bible stories illustrated on the world map. The Garden of Eden, including Adam, a snake, and Eve, is near the top. Eden is surrounded by a ring of fire, indicates that you are out of the reach of humanity.
A full of creatures boat and a bearded man represents the story of Noah's ark.
the largest in the city map building is five stories of Babylon. The upper structure is labeled the "Tower of Babel". The size of elaborate drawing, as well as details of the text on the map, emphasize the arrogance and pride of the people who were said to build a tower so high that it could defy God. In the Biblical legend, the punishment of God ultimately brought humanity to speak in different languages.
on the map a long line, curve cuts a path through a red-ink Red Sea, which represents the travel route of the Israelites in the Exodus story.
detail showing the British Isles. public domain Bestiary
Many natural and unnatural creatures abound on the World Map of Hereford. Animals less well known medieval Europeans, like camels and elephants, extracted with some success on the map. A camel with two humps is south of the Memarnau Mountains. Bestiaries (books of beasts) of the time described as camels live for a hundred years, and being only able to drink muddy water.
Elephants use towers built wood are drawn as large animals They were equipped with these platforms for use in fighting the war by Indian and Persian soldiers. It was believed even then that elephants fear mice.
A salamander wings seems to fly your way through the World Map of Hereford . Gianni D'Anna / Flickr The mythical unicorn is depicted on the map, with a single horn, long. Named Monoceros, the unicorn was often linked to Jesus. Who he was reputed to be strong enough for elephants battle, but could be tamed by the innocent and virtuous young women.
33 different animals, plants and exotic birds are described in the ink on the world map.
A lynx represented on the World Map of Hereford, teeth and sharp claws. Gianni D'Anna / Flickr Monstrous Strangers
Several strange and wonderful people are represented on the map, both real and unreal . Probably due to exaggerated tales of travelers dangerous foreign cultures, 32 images include the extravagant people like Blemmye; a warrior of people without heads and facial features in their breasts race.
A Blemmyae Chronicle Nuremberg, 1493. public domain Sciapods, or Monoculi, are on the map. Stories of these beings of fear with a giant, one foot include theories on how they were able to move quickly on its own leg. It was believed that use your big foot for sun protection.
A Monoculi, as shown in Chronicle Nuremberg, 1493. public domain inhabitants of the mysterious and dangerous, or troglodyte, cave in Africa are drawn on the map. Three of these men are represented in the caves, and one goat riding a strange beast. They appear to eat snakes and run naked. The text describes troglodytes map as very fast men who capture wild animals jumping on their backs.
troglodytes were an ancient group of people from the Red Sea coast of Africa as described by Greek and Roman historians, including Herodotus, Strabo and Pliny. These stories eventually became mythical exploits and wild characteristics.
have mercy on Richard
Created in the late 13th century by a team of specialists, but attributed a man named "Richard de Haldingham and Lafford," the big map hung for years on the wall of a cathedral in Hereford, England. Unusual for a medieval map, referring to the mapmaker, Richard, was observed in the lower left corner. In the passage says:
Let all who have this history,The map was hidden in times of political uncertainty and war, languishing under floorboards and in secret places forgotten until 1855 when it was cleaned and repaired in the British Museum. Now he sits in a display case in a new library in Hereford.
Or should hear or read or see
Praying to Jesus in His Divinity,
To have mercy on Ricardo Haldingham and Lafford
has done and planned
to these, joy in heaven be granted.
The World Map of Hereford has survived 700 years, preserving and illustrating the beliefs, knowledge and traditions of medieval Europe. It remains one of the most important in the world historical maps.
The website of the world map Hereford Cathedral has a interactive map available here , illuminating some of the many images found in medieval work
featured image. Detail, the World Map of Hereford, "cloth World" in Hereford, England medieval. Circa 1300. public domain
References
Hereford Cathedral, 2014. The world map [Online] Available at:
http://www.herefordcathedral.org/visit-us/mappa-mundi-1
CartographicImages.net. Hereford World Map [Online] Available here
BBC Four, 2011. Medieval Maps - mapping the medieval mind [Online]. Available at:
http: / /www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00s3v0t
Black, A. 2013. world map of Hereford - the world's largest known medieval map
[Online] Available http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/hereford-mappa-mundi
Westrem, S. 2002. Making a World map: map Hereford [Online] Available at:
http://www.sochistdisc.org/2002_articles/westrem.htm
"Hereford Mappa Mundi: Legendary Cities, Monstrous Races, and Curious Beasts in a Single World Map", article source: riseearth.com
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