Title : Top 10 Inventions that Changed the World
link : Top 10 Inventions that Changed the World
Top 10 Inventions that Changed the World
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Internet
really needs no introduction: the global system of networks of interconnected computers known as the Internet is used by billions of people around the world. Countless people helped develop it, but the person most often credited with the invention is the computer Lawrence Roberts. In the 1960s, a team of computer scientists working for ARPA Department of Defense (Agency Advanced Research Projects) built a communications network to connect computers at the agency, called ARPANET. a method of transmitting data called "packet switching" was used, which Roberts, a member of the team, developed based on previous work by other computer scientists. ARPANET was the predecessor of the Internet.
contraceptives
not only are birth control pills, condoms and other contraceptive methods sparked a sexual revolution in the developed world, by allowing men and women have pleasurable sex rather than procreation, but have also drastically reduced the average number of offspring per women in countries where they are used. With fewer mouths to feed, modern families have reached higher living standards and can provide best for each child. Meanwhile, on the global scale, contraceptives are helping the human population gradually level; our number is likely to stabilize at the end of the century. Certain contraceptives, such as condoms, also to curb the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
natural and herbal contraceptive has been used for thousands of years. Condoms were first used in the 18th century, while the earlier oral contraceptive "pill" was invented in the late 1930s by a chemist named Russell Marker.
Scientists continue to make advances in birth control, with some laboratories even follow a masculine form of "the pill". A permanent contraceptive implant called Essure was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2002, although in 2016, the FDA warned that the implant would need stronger to inform users about serious risks of using Essure warnings.
penicillin
is one of the most famous stories of the history of discovery. In 1928, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a petri dish filled with bacteria in his laboratory with its lid ajar accidentally. The sample was contaminated with a mold, and the mold was everywhere, the bacteria was dead. It proved that antibiotic mold fungus Penicillium, and over the next two decades, the chemical is purified and developed the drug penicillin, fighting a large number of bacterial infections in humans without harming human beings themselves.
Penicillin was being mass produced and published 1944. This poster attached to a mailbox on the sidewalk advised World War II military to take medicine to get rid of venereal diseases.
Approximately 1 in 10 people have an allergic reaction to antibiotics, according to a study published in 2003 in the journal Clinical Allergy and Immunology criticism; yet most of these people will be able to tolerate the drug, the researchers said.
The bulb
When all you have is natural light, productivity is limited to daylight hours. bulbs changed the world that allows us to be active at night. According to historians, twenty people were instrumental in the invention of incandescent lamps throughout the 1800s; Thomas Edison is credited as the principal inventor because it created a system fully functional lighting, including a generator and wiring, as well as a light bulb filament carbon as above, in 1879.
Just as the beginning of the introduction of electricity in homes throughout the Western world, this invention also had an unexpected consequence rather than changing sleep patterns of people. Instead of going to bed at night (which has nothing to do) and sleeping in segments throughout the night separated by periods of wakefulness, which now Stay except for 7 to 8 hours allotted for sleep , and ideally we sleep all at once.
The phone
Although several inventors conducted pioneering work on the transmission of electronic voice (many of the demands of intellectual property which would be presented later when phone use exploded), Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent in 1876. His electric telephone patent drawing is described above.
Although several inventors conducted pioneering work on the transmission of electronic voice (many of the demands of intellectual property which later would be presented when phone use exploded), Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent electric telephone in 1876. (his patent drawing is pictured above.) He was inspired by the teaching of deaf and visits his mother with hearing problems, according to PBS. He called the first phone an "electrical speech machine," according to PBS.
The invention was quickly turned off, and revolutionized global business and communication. When Bell died on August 2, 1922, according to PBS, US telephone service He stopped for a minute in his honor.
The combustion engine internal
in these engines, the combustion of a fuel releases a gas at high temperature, which, when expanded, applies a force to a piston, move. Therefore, combustion engines convert chemical energy into mechanical work. Decades of engineering for many scientists came to design the internal combustion engine, which took its (mostly) modern form in the second half of the 19th century The engine marked the beginning of the industrial age and the invention allow a variety of machines, including modern cars and airplanes.
Pictured are the steps of operating an internal combustion engine four times. Strokes are the following: 1) The intake stroke - air and vaporized fuel are drawn in stroke 2) Compression - fuel vapor and air are compressed and ignited .. 3) Working stroke - fuel burns and the piston is pushed down, the feeding machine. 4) exhaust stroke -. Exhaust is expelled
printing
the German Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press around 1440. the key to its development was the hand mold, molding a new technique that allowed the rapid creation of large quantities of movable metal type. Although others before him - including inventors of China and Korea - had developed movable type made of metal, Gutenberg was the first to create a machining process which transfers the ink (made from linseed oil and soot) of movable type.
This process of movable type printing machines exponentially increase the speed with which they could make copies of books, and therefore leading to the rapid and widespread dissemination of knowledge for the first time in history . Twenty million volumes were printed in Western Europe by 1500.
Among other things, the press allowed wider access to the Bible, which in turn led to alternative interpretations, including Martin Luther, whose "95 thesis "a document printed by the hundred thousand sparked the Protestant Reformation.
The compass
ancient mariners navigating by the stars, but this method did not work during the day or at night cloudy, and so was not sure Voyage away from earth.
The Chinese invented the first bar sometime between the 9th and the 11th century; which was made of magnetite, a mineral natural magnetised iron, attractive properties that had been studied for centuries. (In the photo, a model of an ancient Chinese compass Han Dynasty ;. is a bucket indicating south, or Sinan, made of stone polished magnet) Shortly after the technology goes Europeans and Arabs through nautical contact. The compass enable boaters to navigate safely far from land, increasing maritime traffic and contribute to the Age of Discovery.
clove
Without nails, civilization will surely crumble. This key invention dates back to over 2,000 years in the ancient Roman period, and was only possible after humans developed the ability to cast and shape metal. Previously, wooden structures had to be built through the interaction of adjacent plates geometrically process much more difficult construction.
Until the 1790s and early 1800s, nails hand-forged were the norm, with a blacksmith heating a square bar iron and then hammering on all four sides to create a point, according to the University of Vermont. nail-making machines came online between 1790 and early 1800. The technology for the production of nails continued to advance; After Henry Bessemer developed a process to mass-produce steel from iron, the iron nails old faded slowly and by 1886, 10 percent of nails US were created from mild steel wire, according to the University of Vermont. In 1913, 90 percent of nails produced in the USA They were steel wire.
Meanwhile, the screw a fastener stronger but harder-to-insert is believed to have been invented by the Greek scholar Archimedes in the third century BC
The wheel
Before the invention of the wheel in 3500 BC, humans were severely limited in the amount of things that could be transported by land, and to what extent . Apparently, the wheel itself was not the hardest part of "reinventing the wheel". When the time to connect a platform that does not move from that cylinder rolling arrived, things got tough, according to David Anthony, a professor of anthropology at Hartwick College.
"The stroke of brilliance was the concept of wheels and axles," Anthony previously told Live Science. "But what it is also difficult." For example, the holes in the center of the wheels and the ends of the fixed shafts had to be almost perfectly round and smooth, he said. The size of the shaft was also a critical factor, like its snugness inside the hole (not too tight but not too loose either).
The effort paid off, big time. carts facilitate agriculture and trade by allowing the transport of goods to and from markets and ease the burden of those traveling long distances. Now, the wheels are vital to our way of life, found in everything from watches to vehicles turbines.
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