Title : Neuroscientists Successfully Plant False Memories Identical In Nature To Authentic Memories
link : Neuroscientists Successfully Plant False Memories Identical In Nature To Authentic Memories
Neuroscientists Successfully Plant False Memories Identical In Nature To Authentic Memories
Is it possible to permanently change your memories? The phenomenon of false memory has been well documented: In many court cases, defendants have been convicted based on the testimony of the witnesses and victims who were sure of their memories, but DNA evidence later revoked sentence. In a step toward understanding how these faulty memories arise MIT neuroscientists have shown that they can plant false memories. We also found that many of the neurological traces of these memories are identical to those of authentic memories nature.Some researchers are working with accident victims rape and car and attempting to replace their memories with less full of fear that using drugs for hypertension. Other scientists are studying whether behavioral therapy may one day be used to modify the memories of people who react with fear to the common events that cause anxiety.
However, critics say the research focused on around initiatives for malicious purposes.
"it is no secret that scientists are working with the closure of public establishments to find ways to bring large groups of people under the mental and emotional control, "said Bashar Khayat Free Thinkers Society. Many researchers as Khayat believe that the intentions behind most memory-based treatments are very misleading. "Most of the research in this area now revolves around how to induce and eliminate fear, "Khayat said. According to his research, there is an international consortium of scientists who are working aggressively to find ways to control fear in the public and military. "Being able to turn fear and any government would be a considerable advantage in controlling their military and general population," said Khayat. In theory, chaos and orderly conduct might be under the direction of the elder brother should use this type of treatment protocols in favor of government interests unilaterally.
"Whether it's a false or true memory, neuronal brain mechanism underlying the recovery of memory is the same," said Susumu Tonegawa, Professor Picower Biology and neuroscience and lead author of a paper describing the findings in the July 25 Science.
the study also provides further evidence that memories are stored in networks of neurons that form the memory traces for every experience we have. - a phenomenon that Tonegawa's laboratory first demonstrated last year
neuroscientists have long searched for the location of these traces of memory, also called engrams. In the two studies, Tonegawa and colleagues at MIT Picower for Learning and Memory showed they could identify cells that are part of a specific memory engram and reactivate using a technology called optogenetics.
In Search of the Engram
Episodic memories - memories of experiences - are made up of associations of various elements, including objects, space and time. These associations are encoded by the chemical and physical changes in neurons, as well as changes in the connections between neurons.
When these engrams reside in the brain has been a longstanding issue in neuroscience. "Is the information spread out in various parts of the brain, or is there a particular area of the brain where this type of memory is stored? This has been a very fundamental question," said Tonegawa.
The objective of the research is not clear, pure and simple, even though memory technology has been rumored to exist in military circles. However, it would raise too many eyebrows that give rise to ethical debate. Instead, "reduce or eliminate the fear that accompanies the memory ... that would be the ideal scenario," says Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School who has done extensive work in this area.
"Scientists can easily create super soldiers and a hypnotized audience with the exact same protocols," Khayat said. Sometimes a traumatic incident can trigger a lasting fear response whenever the incident is remembered, even indirectly. Khayat said that by implementing subconciously memories that are exposed to certain types of media, large groups of people could be subjected to trauma, even with simple triggers.
Scientists already know how triggered an emotional response in combat veterans by simulating a specific set of frequencies that have been associated with the experience of war.
Incepting false memories
that's exactly what they did researchers in the new study - explore whether they could use these engrams reactivated to plant false memories in the brains of mice
first, the researchers placed mice in a novel. camera A, but he has not issued any shocks. As the mice explored this camera, its memory cells were labeled with Channelrhodopsin. The next day, the mice were placed in a second chamber, very different, B. After a time, the mice were given a light shock to the feet. At the moment, researchers use light to activate cells that encode the camera memory A.
On the third day, the mice were placed back into the chamber, where he now frozen in the fear, even though they had never been caught there. A false memory had been incepted: Mice feared the memory of the camera A, because when the crash occurred in the chamber B, which were reliving the memory of being on camera A.
Furthermore, the false memory seemed to compete with a real camera memory B, the researchers found. These mice also froze when placed in the chamber B, but not as much as the mice that had received a shock in the chamber B without the active camera memory.
The researchers then showed that immediately after the withdrawal of false memory, levels of neuronal activity were also elevated in the amygdala, a fear center in the brain that receives information from the memory of the hippocampus, just as they are when mice recover a genuine memory.
"They identified a neural network associated with experience in an environment, an association fear with him is attached, then reactivated the network to show that it is compatible with the expression of memory. That, to me, shows for the first time a true functional engram "says Eichenbaum, who was not part of the research team.
" Now we can reactivate and change the contents of the memories in the brain, we can begin to ask questions that some were once the realm of philosophy, "says Ramirez. ? "There are several conditions that lead to the formation of false memories can be artificially created false memories for both pleasant events and aversive What about false memories for more than contexts - false memories for objects, food or other mice ? These are the questions once seemingly science fiction can now be addressed experimentally in the laboratory. "
More work needs to be done to see if the process can work in situations of real life complex memories. Or, a treatment could be used to affect the ability of the mind to improve happy memories, which can make them seem even more pleasurable than the original event.
"They are looking to control the full range of memory and experience, and the question should not be how or if we can control the behavior of people, but why are we control is conducted? " Khayat concluded.
Kelley Bergman is a media consultant, critic and geopolitical researcher. She has worked as a journalist and writer, specializing in geo-strategic issues worldwide
Source:. PreventDisease
"Neuroscientists Successfully Plant False Memories Identical In Nature To Authentic Memories", article source: riseearth.com
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