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Title : Types and Causes of Urticaria (Hives)
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Types and Causes of Urticaria (Hives)

- hives hives

urticaria (hives) is a serious disease the skin that can cause physical and emotional stress of a person. It is represented by itching and skin rashes. It can affect anyone at any age and at any time. However, more often the symptoms of urticaria (itching and rashes) are shown in the evening or early morning. Itching is worse at night, which interferes with sleep.


types of urticaria

Urticaria is broadly classified as "acute urticaria" and "chronic urticaria" versus time for which eruptions are present. Acute hives last months less than a year and a half or 6 weeks. Chronic urticaria lasts more than 6 weeks.

Acute urticaria

mostly children and young adults suffering from acute urticaria. Most of these episodes are idiopathic urticaria (whose cause is not known) . If somehow the cause of acute urticaria is revealed that turns out to be an allergy infection, food or medicine, or an insect bite . Usually, acute urticaria do not require typical treatment and cures itself.

chronic urticaria

Symptoms of chronic urticaria occur at least twice a week and can occur daily as well. It is present in more than 6 per week. Chronic urticaria requires prolonged treatment. It is more common in middle-aged women and rarely occurs in children. The causes of chronic urticaria may be similar to those of acute urticaria. There can be some additional causes include autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and one or combined physical hives.

physical urticaria

The urticaria that are the result of certain physical triggers are called physical hives. These triggers or causes physical factors can be nothing-pressure, cold, heat, sunlight, physical stress through exercise, etc. There are different types of physical urticaria:

Dermatographism- caused by pressure;
cholinergic Urticaria- caused by heat and sweating;
Cold Urticaria- caused by cold elements;
Solar Urticaria- caused by sunlight); and
exercise-induced Anaphylaxis- caused by exercise

People with chronic urticaria who suffer most. All forms of chronic urticaria described below.

types of chronic urticaria

Dermatographism: Dermatographism means the ability of write on the skin. People with this type of chronic urticaria are ultra sensitive to touch, pressure and scratching. The areas of the skin that touched or scratched get a raised rash, redness and itching. Although some features of dermografismo that are not present in all types of chronic urticaria, people have real dermografismo pressure as the only trigger for their symptoms. In some types of dermografismo, symptoms can be seen after a few minutes of stroking the skin with an object such as pen or pencil. The eruptions that occur go without treatment within an hour. In other forms of dermografismo (delayed pressure urticaria), symptoms can remain for long hours accompanied by burning sensation and pain.

Cholinergic Urticaria: cholinergic, also known as urticaria heat, is caused by an increase in body temperature by any means incluing hot showers, exercise, spicy foods, or being under too many covers in bed at night. Sometimes strong emotions can also cause cholinergic urticaria. Initially, the hives are very small (like mosquito bites) that may become larger over time. More severe symptoms like asthma symptoms and low blood pressure are also seen in some patients. Some people seem to have an allergy to their own sweat too.


Cold Urticaria: cold urticaria is characterized by hives and swelling due to exposure the element including cold environment or cold weather, cold food and drinks, or even swim in cold water in addition to itching. and rashes, some people who have this type of chronic urticaria sometimes experience life-threatening anaphylaxis with aquatic activities related to the cold water. Other causes may include medical problems such as infections, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and side effects of certain medications. Sometimes cold urticaria is genetic and runs in families.

Solar urticaria: Sun eruptions are caused due to exposure to sunlight sometimes, the symptoms are confused with sunburn .. solar urticaria may occur within minutes of exposure to sunlight, and can easily pass away after one sun hides. It is very likely that people with solar urticaria produce antibodies against various allergic proteins present in their own skin.


Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis (EIA): is a type of severe allergic reaction involving two or more body systems, eg, hives and difficulty breathing. This is chronic urticaria caused by the exercise of jogging, tennis, swimming, walking, or any other strenuous work. Apart from the hives, some people may also experience symptoms of a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis involving difficulty breathing (dyspnea, wheezing, as experienced in bronchial asthma ), circulatory problems (dizziness, low blood pressure ) and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). Symptoms, includings fatigue, heat, itching and redness, can show within minutes of starting exercise. If exercise continues, it can result in swelling of the face, lips, eyes and throat (a condition called angioedema), and ultimately anaphylaxis. In some cases, other triggers Medications- some aspirin, ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), food, alcohol, cold, and menstruation can also cause EIA . Prevention seems to be the only way to cure urticaria.


Prevention of asthma symptoms is the most important treatment goal. People with EIA should avoid exercising alone, or in cold weather. An empty exercise and avoid the offending food stomach, if recognized, at least 24 hours before exercise can help. In addition, it is also recommended to avoid NSAIDs and alcohol for 24 hours before exercise for these patients. Women should always avoid exercising during their menstrual period.

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