Title : The cancers that spontaneously DISAPPEAR: More than 1,000 cases have been recorded – but how could it happen?
link : The cancers that spontaneously DISAPPEAR: More than 1,000 cases have been recorded – but how could it happen?
The cancers that spontaneously DISAPPEAR: More than 1,000 cases have been recorded – but how could it happen?
Could it happen?Have you ever heard of cancer disappear spontaneously! Well, it's true!
Many people who have survived to describe the loss of her hair as one of the most heartbreaking cancer - visible signs and - of having the disease. It is a terrible disease. But did you know that there are cases in cancers disappear spontaneously knew?
While chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often a necessary evil to have a better chance of surviving the disease, treatments are known to take their toll on patients. However, there have been cases where the cancer has been known to disappear by itself.
Script Conversation , Professor Momna Hejmadi a cancer biologist at the University of Bath, explores the phenomenon.
is hard to believe that some cancers miraculously disappear, but it does happen.
More than 1,000 case studies documenting cancer patients who experienced a spontaneous tumor regression.
So why does this happen and it is possible to exploit it for the benefit of all cancer patients?
The oldest documented case of spontaneous regression was in the late 13th century A bone sarcoma in Peregrine Laziosi (the saint of cancer patients) disappeared spontaneously after a severe bacterial infection.
In the late 1800s, the surgeon and bone cancer researcher William Coley observed that induction of fever could lead to tumor regression. He developed a bacterial vaccine ( "vaccine Coley ') that succeeded in reducing tumors in many patients.
The tumors have been known to disappear spontaneously, in the absence of any treatment directed by usually after a (bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan) infection.
can this mean that simply boosting the immune system causes regression?
How could it happen?
During the past 70 years, spontaneous regression has been reported in a variety of cancers, but particularly in melanomas (skin), renal cell carcinomas ( kidney ), neuroblastomas (adrenals) and some types of blood cancers.
However, despite these historical observations of tumor regression, we still do not know the mechanisms They are causing this phenomenon.
One likely reason for spontaneous regression is that the body triggers an immune response (pictured) against tumoor cells.
is also very difficult to quantify, and many cases are probably not appear in research journals.
A probable reason for spontaneous regression is that the body triggers an immune response against specific antigens displayed on the surface of tumor cells.
Support for this notion comes from the observation that some skin tumors (malignant melanoma) show excessively high number of immune cells of the body into the tumor.
In another interesting case report, a patient with kidney cancer had a part of their tumor removed surgically, which resulted in the spontaneous regression of the rest of his tumor.
The rationale for this is that an immune response after local surgery was enough to stop the growth of the rest of the tumor.
However, tumors are varied, both in their genetics and behavior, which can lead to relentless progression of disease in some people, but cause spontaneous regression in others.
Tumors of the same type (for example, breast cancer) can be mutated in many different ways.
This can influence the rate of tumor growth, or the likelihood of spread to different locations, or how they are sensitive to treatment.
is very likely that genetic mutations are also responsible for spontaneous regression.
childhood cancer gives clues
Neuroblastoma is a rare type of childhood cancer that could shed some light on how genetic changes can affect spontaneous regression.
About 100 children are diagnosed with the disease each year in the UK, but the disease progresses very differently depending on the age of the child.
Tumors in children under 18 months may disappear with or without treatment (type 1). But children older than 18 months need intensive treatment and only have a survival rate of 40-50% (type 2).
Spontaneous regression has been reported in a variety of cancers, but especially in melanomas or skin cancer (pictured) over the past 70 years.
Research shows that neuroblastomas type 1 have compared the genetic distinctive writing 2.
For example, these tumors often have a large number of cell receptor ( TrkA) that can trigger tumor cells to kill themselves. By contrast, type 2 neuroblastomas have a greater number of a different receptor (TrkB), making more aggressive these tumors.
Another possible explanation is that type 1 neuroblastomas show very low levels of activity of an enzyme, telomerase, in comparison with type 2 tumors.
Telomerase controls the length of specialized pieces of DNA that allows the cell to divide continually.
In type 1 neuroblastomas, these are very short and unstable due to the low activity of the enzyme, and this triggers cell death.
Epigenetic changes can not be excluded either. Epigenetic changes do not affect the DNA sequence of a cell, but modify the activity of various proteins by "tagging" different parts of the DNA.
for cells with the same DNA sequence, but with different labels can behave completely differently and result in some tumors destroy themselves.
Neuroblastoma, a rare type of childhood cancer that could shed some light on how genetic changes can affect spontaneous regression says (file photo) Professor Hejmadi.
Recent studies showed significant differences in neuroblastomas labeled type 1 compared to type 2, although it is preliminary findings genes.
Although the exact mechanisms underlying the spontaneous regression remain uncertain, it is very likely that stimulation of a strong immune response should play an important role in people with certain genetic profiles.
Further research exploring the relationship between genetics and stimulating an immune response provide answers to how we can identify tumors that have the ability to spontaneously regress.
The next step would be to design drugs that can artificially stimulate the immune system to specifically target tumors based on their genetic makeup.
development of animal models that mimic human spontaneous regression would be a very valuable tool in this regard.
Source: www.dailymail.co.uk
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