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Title : Sweet Attack
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Sweet Attack

SUGAR













Sugar is the generalized name of sweet, short-chain,
soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.

Today every one is very fond of sugar. Not only kids
but adults are also fond of sugar. Even after every meal we all look for
dessert, that is also sweet in taste. But we all sometime forget that excess is
not good for health and it harm us in many ways.

Sugar is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
There are various types of sugar derived from different sources. Simple sugar
are called monosaccharides and include glucose, fructose and galactose. Longer
chain of sugar is called oligosaccharides. Chemically many sources may also
have a sweet taste, but are not classified as sugars are found in the tissues of
most plants, but are present in sufficient concentrations for efficient
extraction only in sugarcane and sugar beet.

Sugar is very dear to children, that is there all
time favorite eatable. But too much sugar is not good for health.

The world today produce about 168 million tonnes of
sugar in 20011. The average person consumes about 24 kg (53 lb) of sugar each
year , equivalent to over 260 food calories per person in a day.

Sugar has been recorded as the great cause for
diabetes and obesity in humans. In children it show its effect as tooth decay.
Children eat sugary things and forget to brush their teeth or to have a mouth
wash. This produce bacteria in their mouth which effects our enamel of teeth
and finally results in tooth decay.

Types
of sugars:-




Monosaccharides:-

Fructose, galactose, and glucose are all simple
sugars, monosaccharides, with the general formula C₆H₁₂O_6.


·       
Fructose, or fruit sugar, occurs
naturally in fruits, some root vegetables, cane sugar and honey and is the
sweetest of the sugars. It is one of the components of sucrose or table sugar.

·       
Galactose, does not occur in the free
state but it is a constituent with glucose of the disaccharide lactose or milk
sugar. It is less sweet than glucose.

·       
Glucose, dextrose or grape sugar, occurs
normally in fruits and plant juices and is the primary product of photosynthesis.

Disaccharides:-

Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are all compound
sugars with the general formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.

·       
Lactose is naturally occuring sugar
found in milk. A molecule of lactose is formed by the combination of a molecule
of galactose with a molecule of glucose.

·       
Maltose is formed during the germination
of certain grains. It is less sweet than glucose, fructose or sucrose.

·       
Sucrose is found in the stems of
sugarcane and roots of sugar beet. It occurs in fruits and some roots such as
carrots.







Effects on health:-

Effect of sugar on our
health is inconclusive. Some of the supposed dietary dangers of sugar have been
overblown. Many studies have declared that it causes hyperactivity.

·        
Addiction:-

Sugar
addiction is the term for the relationship between sugar and the various
aspects of food addiction. Some scientists assert the consumption of sweets or
sugar could have a heroin addiction-like effect.

·        
Alzheimer’s
disease:-

This
is also one of the effect which is caused by sugar . but is is under debate
that this is caused particular by fructose or by overall energy intake.

·        
Blood
glucose levels:-

Carbohydrates
are classified according to their 
glycemic index a system for measuring hoe quickly a food that is eaten
raises blood sugar levels. Glycemic load which take into account both the
glycemic index and the amount of carbohydrate in food. This is used for
carbohydrate counting, a method used by diabetics for planning their meals.

·        
Cardiovascular
disease:-

Many
studies have revealed  that chronic
consumption of refined sugars can contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular
dysfunction.

·        
Heart
risk:-

Excessive
consumption of sugar can increase the risk of heart problems amongst adolescents as well adults. The dietary consumption can substantially increase the risk of
heart and vascular diseases.

·        
Obesity
and diabetes:-

Sugar-sweetened
beverages increases body weight and body fat. If we consume large amount of
sugar in our diet then it will very rapidly increase the fat in our body and can
lead to obesity. Which may itself increase the risk of developing this
metabolic disease.

·        
Tooth
decay:-

Children
are very fond of sugar-sweetened food but never pay attention to their teeth
and lastly it effects their teeth.








Prevention:-







·       
Avoid drinks with lots of added sugars.

·       
Ignore the intake of too much ketchup,
frozen dinners, beef jerky and bread.

·       
Don’t exceed the American Heart
Association’s recommended sugar levels, which are 5 teaspoons for women(20
grams); 9 teaspoons for men(36 grams); and 3 teaspoons for children(12 grams).

·       
Starting of our day can done with a
health breakfast. Eat a protein rich breakfast. Skipping breakfast makes us 4.5
times more likely to become obese.



·       
Chocolate lovers must always look for
bit of organic chocolate with at least 70% cacao.

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