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Title : Solved! How Ancient Egyptians Moved Massive Pyramid Stones
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Solved! How Ancient Egyptians Moved Massive Pyramid Stones

Massive Moved id = " Ancient Egyptians who built the pyramids may have been able to move large blocks of stone through wet desert sand in front of a contraption built to pull heavy objects, according to a new study. Physicists at the University of Amsterdam investigated necessary to pull heavy objects on a giant sleigh on the sand forces desert, and found that dampen the sand in front of the primitive device reduces friction on the sled, so it is easier to operate. The results help answer one of the most enduring mysteries historical :. How the Egyptians were able to perform the seemingly impossible task of construction of the famous pyramids To make their discovery, the researchers collected on the evidence of the ancient Egyptians themselves. A mural painting discovered in ancient tomb of Djehutihotep, dating from around 1900 BC, represents 172 men carrying a huge statue using ropes attached to a sled. In the drawing, a person can be seen standing in the front of the sled, pouring water on the sand, said study author Daniel Bonn, a professor of physics at the University of Amsterdam. "Egyptologists believed it was a purely ceremonial act," said Bonn Live Science. "The question was: Why do it?" Bonn and his colleagues built miniature sleds and experimented with pulling heavy objects through sand trays. When investigators hauled sleds on dry sand, they noticed lumps accumulate in front of the gadgets, which requires more force to pull them through. The addition of water to the sand, however, increased stiffness, and sledges were able to more easily slide across the surface. This is because the water droplets create bridges between sand grains, which helps them stay together, scientists said. It is also the same reason why the use of wet sand build a sandcastle is easier than using dry sand, Bonn said.
"If use dry sand, it will not work as well, but if the sand is too wet, it will not work well, "Bonn said. "There is an optimal rigidity."
However, there is a delicate balance, the researchers found. The amount of water needed depends on the type of sand added, but normally the optimum amount is between 2 percent and 5 percent of the volume of sand. "It turns out that wetting Egyptian desert sand can reduce friction by a little, which means you need only half of the people to pull a sled on wet sand, in compared with dry sand, "Bonn said. The study, published April 29 in the journal Physical Review Letters, may explain how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids, but research also has applications today, according to scientists. The findings could help researchers understand the behavior of other granular materials, such as asphalt, concrete or coal, which could lead to more efficient to transport these resources forms.

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