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Anemia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment by Dr. Willie T. Ong

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Anemia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment by Dr. Willie T. Ong

Do you feel weak and tired sometimes? Do you lack energy? Do people say that you look a bit pale? If so, then I suggest we check for anemia. 

Anemia is a common condition wherein the body lacks red blood cells or the cells cannot carry enough oxygen. The usual type of anemia we encounter is iron-deficiency anemia or IDA.

In some individuals, mild cases of iron-deficiency anemia may have no symptoms. However, for other people, they can develop fatigue (tiredness), pale skin, coldness of hands and feet, shortness of breath, palpitation, chest pain, dizziness and even fainting spells. If you don't have enough oxygen in your red blood cells, your heart has to work harder to get enough oxygen circulating in the body.

Risk Factors for Iron-Deficiency Anemia:

1. The two common causes of iron-deficiency anemia are blood loss and poor diet. When a person has any kind of bleeding, the body will need to produce more red blood cells. For this process, your body needs enough iron. When the body’s iron stores are depleted, the person will develop iron-deficiency anemia. In women, common causes of bleeding are heavy and prolonged menstruation, after childbirth and the presence of uterine problems. Other possible causes of blood loss are a bleeding ulcer, parasitic infection (worms), urinary tract bleeding and colon cancer, Regular use of aspirin or pain relievers may likewise lead to stomach bleeding.


2. A diet low in iron predisposes to iron-deficiency anemia. For example, strict vegetarians may not have enough iron in their meals. Meat and fish are excellent sources of iron. As a substitute, vegetarians can eat more iron-fortified breads and cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, beans and tofu.


3. Poverty itself is a risk factor for anemia.


4. Women and teenage girls who are menstruating are at higher risk for anemia as compared to men.


5. Many pregnant women have iron-deficiency anemia because mothers need double the amount of iron for themselves and the fetus. Thus, all pregnant women are advised to take iron supplementation with folic acid during pregnancy to prevent premature birth and congenital abnormalities.


6. People with kidney disease, stroke, cancer and other illness are prone to develop anemia.

Diagnosis of anemia is simple. We just need a complete blood count. If your hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are low, then you have anemia.

Depending on your doctor’s suspicion on the cause of the anemia, he or she may request for tests to detect possible sources of bleeding. If the cause of the anemia is not obvious, the doctor may check for a peripheral blood smear (to see what your red blood cells look like) or test for iron levels in the blood.









Treatment:

1. If bleeding is the cause of the anemia, then the approach is to find and stop the cause of bleeding. Severe iron-deficiency anemia may require a blood transfusion and iron injections done in the hospital.

2. Taking iron supplements can improve iron levels within a month or two. Your doctor will decide the right dose for you. However, too much iron can cause side effects such as dark stools, stomach irritation and constipation. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits like papaya and grapes to soften the stools.

3. Increase dietary intake of iron. For meat sources, the highest levels of iron can be found in beef liver, beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish, oysters and clams. For non-meat sources, we have spinach, green leafy vegetables, potatoes with skin, iron-fortified breads and cereals, beans, peas and dried fruits like prunes and raisins.

4. Together with a high-iron diet, taking in vitamin C rich foods can help the body absorb iron. Excellent sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits like oranges, pineapple and grapefruits. Vegetables like tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes and spinach also have vitamin C.

5. Follow a healthy lifestyle. Get more sleep and drink enough water. Stop smoking and limit alcohol intake. Remember that iron-deficiency anemia is an easily treatable condition. The challenge is in finding it early.

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