Title : 50 Percent of The Effectiveness of All Drugs Is Due To Placebo
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50 Percent of The Effectiveness of All Drugs Is Due To Placebo
There is no doubt that many drugs work in the short term to suppress the symptoms. In fact, that's all they do, since they are unable to cope with the underlying cause of the disease. But even when a drug works, half of its impact on a patient is to be due to an aspect of the placebo effect. The positive message that a doctor gives you when prescribing treatment, according to a new studyMuch of medicine is based on what is considered the strongest possible evidence: the placebo-controlled trial. The problem is that the basis on which rests much of the medicine, does not have a standard
The idea behind relying on placebo-controlled trials, is:. To ensure treatment itself is effective one has to compare people whose only difference is whether they are or are not taking the drug. Both groups should equally think they are on the drug - to protect against the effects of factors like expectation. Therefore the study participants are assigned "randomly" to the drug or "placebo" -. A pill that could be confused with the active drug but is inert
But according toBeatrice Golomb, MD, PhD, associate professor medicine at the University of California School of Medicine in San Diego, this standard has a fundamental problem, "nothing is actually known to be physiologically inert. Besides that, there are no regulations on what happens in the placebos, and what is in them is often determined by the manufacturers of the drug under study, who have a vested interest in the outcome. and there has been no expectation that disclosed the composition placebos. " at least, readers of the study could make their own decisions about whether the ingredients in the placebo might affect the interpretation of the study. "Researchers are beginning to appreciate the power that the mind can have on the body, says Tor Wager, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University.
"One idea that emerges at this point is that belief in a placebo fed by processes in the brain that produce physical results that actually give shape how your body responds to things, "he says." the brain has much more control over the body than can exercise voluntarily. "
As an example of this, the bet points to the response to body perceived threats, AOS.
"Say it, AOS late at night and everything is quiet and you suddenly see someone outside, near a window," he explains. "Your body starts to respond. His pupils are dilated. Your heart rate increases. You start to sweat. "
The belief that something is threatening there produces a lot of physical responses that have little control. If you were told to calm down and disable these feelings, which couldn AOT says wager "But if changes in beliefs -. say, is that it, AOS only her husband returns home -. Changes physical response "
A positive or negative placebo effect can lead to misleading appearance of a negative or positive effect of the drug.
The placebo effect is an event of consciousness and more specifically to an event in which consciousness and matter interact to change or transform a structure of disease in a healing process or flow. at the level of reality in which this event takes place, or even possible to say that it is an interaction. This is a level at which consciousness-matter, or as it is known popularly, mind-body, they are no different, but they are a "matter", for lack of a better word, that is not committed to one or another condition, however, is both.
study details
researchers designed a study prepared, in which 66 people suffering from migraine headaches received a placebo or a drug called common migraine Maxalt. However, for each migraine attack, participants had during the study period, were told something different. For example, they were told they were taking a placebo when they were actually taking Maxalt, or vice versa, and sometimes they were told that the pill may be Maxalt or a placebo.
The benefits to relieve pain migraine drugs increased when patients were told they were taking an effective treatment of acute migraine medication. And when the identities of Maxalt tablets and placebo pills were changed, patients reported relief similar pain pills placebo labeled as Maxalt from tablets Maxalt labeled as a placebo, according to the study published today (January 8) in the Science Translational Medicine.
the results suggest that people information is as important as the effects of the drug in reducing pain, researchers say.
"In many conditions, the placebo effect is a big part of the effect of the drug," said study researcher Ted Kaptchuk, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. In the new study, 50 percent of drug effect could be attributed to the placebo effect, said.
This could also work for any drug including vaccines. The relevance is not related to the drug itself, but the way it is presented to the patient. If a patient believe they are being protected against something, that belief system alone can a role in effectivness of the drug.
"The more a positive message is given, the more a drug works. In this case, our message was as important as the pharmacology of the drug," Kaptchuk said.
In other words, patients can benefit from optimistic messages from their doctors, which can increase the effectiveness of a good drug, the researchers said.
"When doctors established patient expectations high, Maxalt [or, potentially, other migraine drugs] becomes more effective," said study researcher Rami Burstein, professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. "Increased efficiency means shorter migraine attacks and migraine attacks shorter mean that less medication is needed," Burstein said.
Placebo Effect can be activated out of consciousness
Described in an online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the new findings showed that the placebo effect can be activated outside conscious awareness, and provide an explanation of how patients can show clinical improvement, even when they are lacking treatments active ingredients or therapeutic efficacy known.
"in this study, used a novel experimental design and found that placebo and nocebo [negative placebo] effects depend on brain mechanisms that are not dependent on cognitive awareness, "explains first author Karin Jensen, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Martino center Images biomedical at the Massachusetts General hospital (MGH) and placebo Studies Program (PIP) at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School. "A person may have a placebo or nocebo response even if he or she is not aware of any suggestions for improvement or anticipation of getting worse."
For a long time it was believed that placebo responses are related to conscious beliefs or thoughts and that when given an inert pill or therapy, patients improve because they have the expectation that it will improve, or in the case of nocebos, worse because they anticipate will worsen.
However, more recently, scientists have recognized that humans learn to expect reward or threat quickly and automatically, without consciously register the idea in their brains. As the authors, neuroimaging studies of the human brain have suggested that certain structures such as the striatum and amygdala, can process input stimuli before they reach consciousness, and as a result, may mediate unaware effects human cognition and behavior.
body memories
The placebo effect is centered on the idea that a person, AOS expectations and beliefs induce changes in symptoms, although they have received a sugar pill or sham treatment ineffective. Knowing that they have received a placebo change their expectations, expected to alter the placebo effect.
However, people experience pain relief even when they know they are getting the pill is a placebo, compared with no treatment at all.
This finding "contradicts the medical beliefs," Kaptchuk said. "Because in medicine, I think you have to think that is a real drug for placebo to work. But apparently, the body has memory, or embodied consciousness, which operates below the level of consciousness. "
One possible mechanism for this effect could be that the body is conditioned to react positively in situations related to addressing our health.
Part of what happens in the brain interpretation, AOS is the expectation . The placebo response, at least in part, is a manipulation of hope and changing the response of hope and placebo might be able to ultimately find a way to provide therapy for chronic pain sustained without any medication absolute.
The rituals and words of healing activate the brain to release neurotransmitters that change the experience of illness. You can activate the centers in the brain that modulate many symptoms such as pain and nausea and fatigue.
Contrary to conventional belief that patients respond to a placebo because they think they're getting an active drug more findings reinforce the idea that the placebo can only have a therapeutic benefit by breaking the concept of functional medicine.
Sources:
forskning.se
sciencedaily.com
sciencemag.org
Marco Torres is a research specialist, writer and consumer advocate healthy lifestyles. He graduated in Public and Environmental Science and Health is a professional speaker on topics such as disease prevention, environmental toxins and health policy
Source:. PreventDisease
"50 Percent of The Effectiveness of All Drugs Is Due To Placebo", article source: riseearth.com
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