Title : 20 Amazing Facts About the Human Body
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20 Amazing Facts About the Human Body
Many of the most interesting discoveries in all fields of science are playing in the human body.1. Appendix A Life
The appendix has bad press . Usually it is treated as a body part that has lost its function millions of years. Everything seems to do is occasionally infect and cause appendicitis. However, recently it has been found that the appendix is very useful for bacteria that help the digestive function. They use it to get relief from the stress of the frenetic activity of the intestine, a place to raise and help maintain gut bacterial population topped up. So treat your appendix with respect.
2. supersize molecules
Practically everything we experience is composed of molecules. These range in size from simple pairs of atoms such as an oxygen molecule, to complex organic structures. But the larger molecule in nature resides in your body. It is chromosome 1. A normal human cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes in its nucleus, each a single, very long DNA molecule. Chromosome 1 is the largest, containing about 10 billion atoms, to pack in the amount of information that is encoded in the molecule.
3. atom Count
it is difficult to understand how small the atoms that make up your body are until you take a look at the lot of them. An adult consists of around 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms (7 octillion).
4. Loss of skins
may seem hard to believe, but we have about the same number of hairs on our bodies as a chimpanzee, it's just that our hairs are useless, so thin that they are almost invisible. We're not sure why we lost a lot of our skin protection. It has been suggested that it may have been to help early humans sweat more easily, or to make life more difficult for parasites such as lice and ticks, or even because our ancestors were aquatic part.
But perhaps the most attractive idea is that early humans needed to cooperate more when they moved out of the trees in the savannah. When animals are raised for cooperation, as we did once with the wolves to produce dogs that look more like their babies. In a fascinating experiment of 40 years from the 1950s, Russian foxes were bred for docility. During the period, foxes adults become more and more like big puppies, spending more time playing, and the development of floppy ears, tails and flexible printed coats. Human beings similarly have some characteristics of infant monkeys. - Big heads, small mouths and, significantly, here fine body hair
5. goosebump Evolution
Goosebumps are a remnant of our evolutionary predecessors. when tiny muscles around the base of each hair occur tense, pulling the hair erect. With a decent cover skins, this fluff layer, more air into it, so it is a better insulator. But with fine hair the body of a human being, only makes our skin look strange.
Likewise gives us the feeling of our spiky hair stand on end when we are afraid or experiencing an emotional memory. Many mammals fluffing her skin when threatened, apparently larger and therefore more dangerous. Humans used to have a similar defensive fluffing their body hairs, but again, the effect is now in ruins. We still feel the sense of bristling, but not greater visual increase.
6. Space Trauma
If the science fiction movies had to believe the terrible things that would happen if your body is pushed from a spaceship without a suit. But above all it is fiction. There would be some discomfort as the air inside the extended body, but nothing like the body parts exploding Hollywood loves. Although boiling liquids are not spilled into the void, the blood is kept under pressure for its circulatory system and would be fine. And although the space is very cold, it does not lose heat particularly quickly. As shown thermos vacuum is a great insulator.
In practice, what kills you in space is simply the lack of air. In 1965 the play of a test subject came a leak in a vacuum chamber at NASA. The victim, who survived, remained conscious for about 14 seconds. The exact limit survival is not known, but probably would be one to two minutes.
7. Reduce atomic
the atoms that make up your body are mostly empty space, so despite being many of them without space compressing it in a small volume. The core that makes up the bulk of matter in an atom is much smaller than the whole structure which is comparable to the size of a fly in a cathedral. If you have lost all its atomic empty space, your body could fit into a cube less than 1 / 500th of a centimeter on each side. Neutron stars are made of matter that has been exactly this type of compression. In one cubic centimeter of material from a neutron star about 100 million tons of matter. an entire neutron star heavier than our sun, occupies an area that is roughly the size on the other side of the Isle of Wight.
8. The electromagnetic repulsion
the atoms that make up matter never touch each other. The more, the more repulsion between electrical charges into its component parts approach. It's like trying to bring together two powerful magnets intensely, north pole north pole. This applies even when objects seem to be in touch. When you sit in a chair, not touching. Fleets a small distance above, suspended by the repulsion between atoms. This electromagnetic force is much stronger than the force of gravity - about a billion times stronger trillion trillion trillion. It can be shown relative strength by holding a magnet near a refrigerator and let go. The electromagnetic force from the small magnet exceeds the gravitational pull of the entire Earth.
9. Stardust Stardust
Every atom in your body is billions of years old. Hydrogen, the most common element in the universe and an important feature of his body, occurred in the Big Bang 13.7bn years ago. heavier atoms such as carbon and oxygen were forged in stars made between 7 billion and 12 billion years, and burst through space when stars explode. Some of these explosions were so powerful that they also produce heavier than iron, that stars can not build elements. This means that the components of your body are truly ancient. You are stardust
10. Quantum Corps
One of the mysteries of science is how something as apparently solid and straightforward as your body can be made of quantum particles strange behavior, such as atoms and their constituents. If you ask people to make a drawing of one of the atoms in their bodies, they will produce something like a miniature solar system, with a core like the sun and the electrons whizzing around like planets. This was, in fact, a first model of the atom, but realized that such atoms would collapse in an instant. This is because the electrons have an electric charge and acceleration of a charged particle, which is necessary to keep it in orbit, would they emit energy as light, leaving the electron spiral into the nucleus.
actually, electrons are confined in specific orbits, as if they were run on rails. There can not be anywhere between these orbits but must make a "quantum leap" from one to another. What is more, since quantum particles, electrons exist as a set of probabilities rather than specific locations, so that a better image is to show the electrons as a set of diffuse deposits around the core.
11. Red Blooded
When you see oozing blood from a cut finger, it is possible to assume that is red because of iron in it, rather, as the oxide has a reddish hue. But the presence of the plate is a coincidence. the red color arises because the iron is bound in a ring atoms in hemoglobin called porphyrin and is the shape of this structure that produces color. How red is your hemoglobin it depends on whether oxygen attached to it. When oxygen is present, change the shape of the porphyrin, giving the red blood cells of a more intense tone.
12. Going Viral
Surprisingly, not all the useful DNA in their chromosomes comes from their evolutionary ancestors - some of which was taken from elsewhere. DNA includes genes from at least eight retrovirus. These are a kind of virus that uses the cell mechanisms for encoding DNA to take over a cell. At some point in human history, these genes were incorporated into human DNA. These viral genes in DNA now play important roles in human play , however, are totally foreign to our genetic ancestry.
13. other life
a large number of cells, there are more bacterial life within you than human. There are about 10bn of its own cells, but 10 times more bacteria. Many bacteria they call home are friendly in the sense that they do no harm. Some are beneficial.
In the 1920s, an American engineer investigated whether animals could live without bacteria, hoping that a world free of bacteria would be a more healthy. James "Art" Reyniers did the work of his life to produce environments in which animals may be kept free of bacteria. The result was clear. It was possible. However, many of the animals Reyniers died and those who survived had to be fed special food. This is because bacteria in the gut aid digestion. It could exist with any bacteria, but without the help of enzymes in the intestine producing bacteria, which would have to eat food that is loaded with more nutrients than a typical diet.
Invasores tabs 14.
Depending on how old you are, it is quite likely that you have mites eyelashes. These small creatures living in old skin cells and natural oil (sebum) produced by human hair follicles. Usually they are harmless, but can cause an allergic reaction in a minority of people. eyelash mites typically grow to a third of a millimeter and are almost transparent, so it is unlikely to see them with the naked eye. Put the hair eyelashes or eyebrow hair under the microscope, however, and you can find them, because they spend most of their time right at the base of the hair where it meets the skin. About half of the population has them, a proportion that rises as we age.
photon detectors 15.
His eyes are very sensitive, able to detect only a few photons of light. If you take a look at a clear night in the constellation Andromeda, a small fuzzy patch of light is barely visible to the naked eye. If you can make the small drop, you are seeing as much as humanly possible without technology. Andromeda is the nearest large galaxy to our own Milky Way. But "close" it is a relative term in intergalactic space - the Andromeda galaxy is 2.5 million light years away. When photons of light that hit your eye began their journey, there were no human beings. We still evolving. You are viewing an almost inconceivable distance and looking back in time through 2.5 million years.
16. Sensory Tally
despite what they have probably said, have more than five senses. Here is a simple example. Put your hand a few feet away from a hot iron. None of the five senses can say that the iron will burn. However, you may feel that the iron is hot from a distance and not touch it. This is thanks to an extra sense - heat sensors on their skin. Similarly we can detect pain or say if we are upside down.
Another quick test. Close your eyes and touch your nose. You are not using the five great to find it, but instead of proprioception. This is the sense that detects where body parts are with respect to the other. It is a meta-sense, combining knowledge of your brain what your muscles are doing with a feel for the size and shape of your body. Without the use of the five basic senses, you can still lead a infallibly touch the nose side.
17. Real Age
like a chicken, his life began with an egg. It is not a thing in a thick shell, but an egg, however. However, there is a significant difference between a human egg and chicken egg has a surprising effect of age. Human eggs are very small. They are, after all, only a single cell and are typically around 0.2 mm in diameter - about the size of a printed dot. His egg was formed in your mother - but what is surprising is that formed when he was an embryo. The formation of the egg, and half of their DNA that came from his mother, could be considered as the first moment of its existence. It happened before the birth of her mother. Let's say your mother was 30 when she had to, then, on his 18th birthday that were possibly more than 48 years old.
18. Influence epigenetic
we are accustomed to think of genes as the controlling factor that determines what each of us is like physically, but genes are only a small part of our DNA. The other 97% was thought until recently unwanted, but now we realize that epigenetic - the processes that take place outside of genes - also have an important influence on our development. Some parts act to control "switches" that turn genes on and off, or schedule production of other key compounds. For a long time it was a puzzle how around 20,000 genes (much less than some breeds of rice) were enough to specify exactly how we were. The present embodiment is that the other 97% of our DNA is equally important.
19. Action realize
If you're like most people, you are putting your conscious mind or less behind the eyes, as if there were a little person sitting there, directing the much larger automaton that is her body. You know it's not really a small figure there, pulling levers, but his awareness seems to have an independent existence, counting the rest of your body to do.
actually, much of the control comes from your unconscious. Some tasks become automatic with practice, so we need not think of the basic actions. When this occurs, the process is handled by one of the most primitive parts of the brain, near the brainstem. However, even an action clearly aware as picking an object seems to have some unconscious precursors, with the brain on before making the decision to act. There is considerable debate about when the conscious mind does its part, but there is no doubt that we have much more to our unconscious that often allow us.
20 . the optical illusion
the image of the world we "see" is artificial. Our brain does not produce an image of how a video camera works. Instead, the brain constructs a model of the world of information provided by the modules that measure light and shadow, edges, curvature and so on. This makes it easy for the brain to paint the blind spot, the area of the retina where the optic nerve joins, which does not have sensors. It also compensates rapid jerky eye movements called saccades, giving a false picture of steady vision.
But the disadvantage of this process is that makes our easy eyes cheat. TV, movies and optical illusions work by tricking the brain about what the eye sees. This is also why the moon much larger than what is displayed and appears to vary in size: the real moon optical size is similar to a hole created by a drill held at arm's length .
Source: AlterNet
"20 Amazing Facts About the Human Body", article source: riseearth.com
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