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Arctic ozone loss at record level

ozone loss over the Arctic this year was so severe that for the first time could be called an "ozone hole" like the Antarctic, scientists report.
about 20 kilometers (13 miles) above the ground, 80% of the ozone was lost, they say.
the cause was an unusually long period of cold weather in height. In cold conditions, the chlorine chemicals that destroy ozone are at their most active.
Today it is impossible to predict whether such losses will occur again, the team writes in the journal nature .
the first data on the magnitude of the destruction of the Arctic ozone were released in April , but the role of nature is the first that has fully analyzed the data
"winter in the Arctic stratosphere is highly variable - some are warm, some are cold." said Michelle Santee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
"However, in recent decades, cold winters have been getting colder.

"therefore, since the trend and high variability, which had anticipated that we will have other cold, and if that happens while chlorine levels are high, we would anticipate that we would have a severe ozone loss."
destroying chemical ozone originating from substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which came into use late last century in appliances such as refrigerators and fire extinguishers.
its destructive effects were documented for the first time in Antarctica, which now sees severe ozone depletion in each of its winters.
its use is restricted gradually and then eliminated by the Montreal Protocol of 1987 and its successors.
the blocks of the ozone layer UV-B sun, which can cause skin cancer and other medical conditions.
rays winter temperatures in the Arctic stratosphere usually do not fall as low as in the south of the world end.

No record low temperatures were set this year, but the air remained at its coldest point for an unusually long period of time, and covered an unusually large area.
Furthermore the polar vortex was stronger than usual. Here, winds circulate around the edge of the Arctic region, somewhat insulates the major weather systems world.
"Why [all this] occurred will take years of detailed study," said Dr Santee.
"continually was cold from December to April, and that has never happened before in the Arctic in the instrumental record."
the size and position the ozone hole has changed over time, as the vortex moved northwards or southwards across different regions.

Some monitoring stations in northern Europe and Russia recorded penetration levels of ultraviolet-B radiation improved, although it is not clear that this poses no risk to human health.
While the Arctic was setting records, the Antarctic ozone hole is relatively stable from year to year .

This year has seen conditions depleting ozone extend a little later in the spring in the southern hemisphere than usual. - again, as a result of unusual weather conditions
chlorine compounds persist for decades in the upper atmosphere, which means that it will likely be mid-century before the ozone layer is restored to its pre-industrial health.

Source: bbc.co.uk

"Arctic ozone loss at record level", article source: riseearth.com

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