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Title : What is HIV and AIDS?
link : What is HIV and AIDS?

What is HIV and AIDS?

HIV
infection and AIDS









Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of
the most important communicable diseases. It is an infection associated with
serious diseases, persistently high costs of treatment and care, significant
number of deaths and shortened life expectancy.

The HIV infection is spread by sexual contact with
an infected person, by sharing needles or syringes with someone who is
infected, or less commonly through transfusion of infected blood or blood
clotting factors.

AIDS is defined by the presence of one or more
“opportunistic” illnesses.

Many have wrong misconceptions about HIV infection
and AIDS. They have wrong myths and knowledge about this disease. So here we
have some information about HIV infection and AIDS which could break their
myths.

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was
originally defined empirically by the Centers of Disease Control (CDC).




Causes:-




·       
Sexual
intercourse:- if a sexual intercourse is done
between an infected and a healthy partner then also it is being transmitted
from one person to another. Its incidence was reported to be high following
homosexual activity but the incidence of HIV in heterosexuals is rising.

·       
Mother
to foetus:- (prenatally,perinatally,
breast-feeding), these are some of the reasons of  how a foetus is infected by a mother. Studies
have revealed that 14% of  babies born to
HIV infected mothers are likely to be infected.

·       
Contaminated
blood, blood products and organ donations:- HIV infection
can spread from one to another by transfusion of contaminated blood or organ
also. If a person is infected and his blood is being supplied to some other
person then he will also be infected.

·       
Contaminated
needles:- the sharing of infected needled
amongst drug abusers continues to be a major route of spread of HIV. Health
care workers, laboratory staff, paramedical or medical staff are at a higher
risk to contract infection through this route.




Symptoms:-

• ·        Constitutional:-  this includes general lassitude, weight loss,
  night sweats, diarrhea.


• ·       
  Nervous
  system:- intellectual and cognitive impairment, decrease
  in memory, depressive, and psychotic features can be present.


• ·       
  Gastrointestinal
  tract:- weight loss, diarrhea, malabsorption are common
  in chronic HIV infection. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting frequently complicate
  acute episodes of opportunistic infection and drug therapy.


• ·       
  Haemopoeitic:- anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are common in advanced HIV infection.


• ·       
  Respiratory:-
  pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Prevention:-

• ·       
  The use of condoms has been shown to
  reduce the spread of HIV infection in discordant couples and their use is
  promoted now-a-days.


• ·       
  Use of clean needles among the drug
  abusers is important for prevention of AIDS.


• ·       
  Screening of blood products has reduced
  HIV disease remarkably.


• ·       
  The need for blood transfusion in
  developing countries could be reduced by improved control of conditions such as
  malaria and hookworm which cause anemia.


• ·       
  Availability and accessibility of HIV
  testing is important and provide an opportunity for individual health education
  and risk of  transmission. 

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