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Title : Stress: its surprising implications for health
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Stress: its surprising implications for health

has already been reduced to the pressure of work, money problems or relationship problems, most of us experience stress at some point in our lives. In fact, about 75% of Americans report moderate to high levels of stress during the last month. It is well known that stress can cause sleep problems, headaches and increase the risk of depression. But in this close-up we look at some of the most striking ways in which stress can damage our health.


The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) defines stress as "the brain's response to any demand." In other words, it is how the brain reacts to certain situations or events. It is important to note that not all stress is negative. Many of us who have been in a pressure situation may have found that stress us has led to better results. This is due to a "fight or flight", so that the brain identifies a real threat and quickly releases hormones that encourage us to protect ourselves from perceived harm. is when this fight or flight response that overreacts problems arise, and this usually happens when we are exposed to constant threats. "Stress is caused by the loss or threat of loss of personal, social and material resources that are primary for us. Therefore, threat to himself, threat to self-esteem, threat for income, threat to employment and the threat to our family or our health, "Stevan Hobfoll, PhD, professor Judd and Marjorie presidential Weinberg and a chair at the Medical Center at Rush University in Chicago, IL, and a member of the American Psychological Association (APA), said Medical News Today .

Stress levels "too high" in the US

In February last year, the APA launched its "Stress in America" ​​annual survey, which assesses the attitudes and perceptions of stress and identifies its primary causes among the general public. The survey, completed by 3,068 adults in the US in August 2014, it revealed that the main cause of tension between the US is money, with 72% of respondents who reported feeling stressed about finances at some point during the last month. Of these, 22% said they felt "extreme stress" in the past month as a result of money problems. The second most common cause of stress among Americans was found to work, followed by the economy, family responsibilities and personal health issues. On a positive note, the average stress levels among Americans have declined since 2007. In a 10-point scale, respondents rated their stress levels as 4.9, compared to 6.2 in 2007 . However, the APA say such levels are still significantly higher than the 3.7 Score consider stress to be healthy. "[Last] survey of the year continues to reinforce the idea that we are living with a level of stress that is considered too high," says Norman B. Anderson, CEO and executive vice president of the APA, adding: "All Americans, particularly those groups that are most affected by stress - including women, younger adults and those with lower incomes - need to address this issue sooner rather than later in order to improve their health and well-being. "

The implications for health amazing stress

"Stress is significantly associated with virtually all major areas of the disease," said Prof. Hobfoll MNT . "Stress is rarely the cause of the disease, but interacts with our genetics and our state of our bodies in ways that accelerate the disease." Some of the best-known consequences of stress that many of you have experienced include sleep deprivation, headaches, anxiety and depression. But increasingly, researchers are discovering more and more ways in which stress can damage our health.

Heart Health

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), stress can influence the behaviors that have negative health consequences heart. Have you ever come home after a tiring day at work and reached for the bottle of wine? Many of us have. In January 2015, MNT reported on a study was associated with risky alcohol use which is working long hours, study investigators say that is partly the belief that "alcohol relieves stress produced by the pressure of work and working conditions". Some of us can smoke in response to stress, while others can "comfort eating", which can lead to obesity. All these are factors that can contribute to poor heart health by increasing blood pressure and cause damage to the walls of the arteries. According to a study published by MNT in November 2014, stress can also reduce blood flow to the heart - especially for women. The study researchers found that in patients withcoronary heart disease, stressed women had a three times greater reduction in blood flow than men stressed. Stress has also been associated with an increased risk of heart attack. In 2012, a study published in The Lancet found Thatwork stress can increase the risk of heart attack by 23%. And in February last year MNT reported on a study by researchers at the University of Sydney in Australia, who found periods of intense anger or anxiety can increase the risk of heart attack in more than nine times. Even after a heart attack, stress can still affect health. A study published in the journal Circulation in February 2015 found that women were more likely to experience higher levels of mental stress after a heart attack, resulting in the most precarious recovery.

Diabetes

You may be surprised to learn that stress has been associated with an increased risk of diabetes. In January last year, a study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found that women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - a condition caused by very distressing events - were more likely to develop the disease than those without PTSD. periods of stress increase production of the hormone cortisol, which can increase the amount of glucose in the blood -. One possible explanation for why stress has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes For people who already have diabetes, stress can lead to poorer management of the condition. And interfere with stress hormones and increased levels of blood glucose, the American Diabetes Association notes that stressed patients with diabetes may be less likely to take care of themselves. "They can drink more alcohol or exercise less. They may forget, or do not have time to check their glucose levels or plan good meals," says the organization.

Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease affects more than 5 million people in the US and is the leading cause of death in the country sixth. Although the exact causes of the disease are unclear, previous studies have suggested that stress can contribute to its development. In March 2013, MNT reported on a study by researchers at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, which found high levels of stress hormones in the brains of mice they were associated with increased amounts of beta-amyloid plaques. - Proteins that are believed to play a role in Alzheimer's disease Another study published in 2010 by Finnish researchers found that women who had levels of either high blood pressure or higher cortisol - both symptoms stress - were more than three times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease compared with patients who did not have these symptoms more recently, a study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that for older people with mild cognitive impairment, anxiety could accelerate the progression to Alzheimer's disease. In 2012, the Alzheimer's Society in the UK revealed that they have embarked on a 3-year project to find out more about the association between stress and Alzheimer's disease. "All of us go through stressful situations. We are trying to understand how they can become a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease," said principal investigator Prof. Clive Holmes, the University of Southampton in the UK.

Fertility

Approximately 1 in 8 couples in the US They have trouble getting pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy. Increasingly stress, researchers are suggesting may be a contributing factor. In May 2014, it was reported in a study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility found that stress in men can bring the quality of sperm and semen toreduced, which can adversely affect fertility. The researchers behind the study, including the first author Teresa Janevic, PhD, assistant professor at Rutgers School of Public Health in Piscataway, New Jersey, hypothesize that stress can trigger the release of glucocorticoids - steroid hormones that affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. This could reduce testosterone levels and sperm production in men. "Stress has been identified as having an influence on health," says Janevic. "Our research suggests that the reproductive health of men also can be affected by their social environment." And women can not be free from the effects of stress on fertility. In 2014, a study led by researchers at Ohio State University found that women with high levels of an enzyme associated with stress in their saliva - alpha-amylase - were 29% less likely to become pregnant than women with low levels of this enzyme. What's more, these women were also more than twice as likely to be infertile.

How can protect against health problems induced by stress?

Of course, the best way to reduce the risk of health consequences related to stress is coping with the stress itself. In order to do this, you must first recognize the symptoms of stress. Although they vary in each individual, which commonly include difficulty sleeping, fatigue, overeating or undereating and feelings of depression, anger or irritability. It can also smoke or drink more in an attempt to control stress, and some people even many involved in drug abuse. According to the NIMH, one of the best ways to deal with stress is to seek the support of others, whether friends, family or religious organizations. If an individual feels they are unable to cope with stress, are having suicidal thoughts or engaged in the use of drugs or alcohol to try and manage stress, the organization recommends seeking help from a mental health professional qualified. Exercise can also be an effective aid for stress. The Mayo Clinic explains that physical activity increases the production of neurotransmitters "feel good" in the brain, called endorphins. The exercise has also been associated with reduction of symptoms of depression, and improved sleep quality. The AHA provides some other ways to help solve stress:

• Positive self-talk : to turn negative thoughts into positive ones. Instead of saying, "I can not do this," I say "I'll do the best I can." The negative internal dialogue increases stress levels
• plugs stress emergency : If you start to feel stressed out, count to 10 before speaking, take some deep breaths or go for a walk
• Find pleasure : participation in activities you enjoy is a great way to avoid stress. Take up a hobby, watch a movie or enjoy a meal with friends
• a day of relaxation : You can participate in some relaxation techniques. Meditation, yoga and tai chi have been shown to reduce stress levels.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

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