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Anemia during pregnancy

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Anemia during pregnancy

The appearance of anemia during pregnancy is a common but rarely serious complication disorder. Its incidence varies widely depending on the criteria used for diagnosis.



What is anemia and what causes it?



Anemia is defined as decreasing the amount of hemoglobin or the protein carrier RBCs of oxygen in the blood. It is considered to have anemia during pregnancy when the amount of this blood protein is less than 11 grams per dl. Pregnancy is a condition which predisposes to a number of changes in the blood, mainly because it increases the amount of circulating fluid through the blood vessels, which causes a certain dilution of the blood and red blood cells. The most common forms of this mild anemia, are considered physiological, and therefore are not treated. The most important and common cause of anemia during pregnancy is iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia.







Iron deficiency anemia



Iron is an essential for the formation of mineral hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that performs the function of transporting oxygen through the blood to the various tissues of the mother and baby. Iron needs increase during pregnancy because of the increased volume of circulating blood, tissue formation baby and placenta and accumulates reserves the fetus. Women who do not have adequate iron stores before pregnancy need an iron supplement for not develop anemia.



A balanced diet that includes a variety of foods in a correct and proper ratio during pregnancy does not provide generally and against popular belief, the amounts of iron needed for gestation. The most iron-rich foods include green leafy vegetables (spinach), red meat (beef) and sausage (morcilla), legumes (lentils) and beef liver, lamb or beef. They are also very rich in iron clams, mussels and cockles. It is important to note that the iron from meat is better than the content in plant absorbs.



Often doctors prescribe a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement to disregard the previous nutritional status and food consumption of women and because, as they increase both the needs, diet may not provide the necessary quantities. Administering oral iron, usually in the form of tablets or ampoules, it is one of the most relevant for antenatal iron deficiency anemia preventive actions. Usually it prescribed in the second half of pregnancy. These preparations intolerance occur frequently in the stomach, nausea, constipation and dark colored stool, which should know not to panic.



They are usually taken on an empty stomach because they are absorbed better and usually should be taking them for much of the pregnancy and even after childbirth, if the situation so dictates. As mentioned, it is the most common type of anemia during pregnancy and up to 9 out of 10 pregnant women may develop. It is characterized, as we have seen, by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood that can be mild, moderate or even high.



How anemia occurs during pregnancy?



They are common symptoms such as tiredness or fatigue, pale skin and mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth, dizziness, difficulty breathing when moderate or large efforts are made, heart palpitations and tachycardia or rapid heartbeat . Effects on the fetus Mild or moderate anemia do not usually produce significant effects on the fetus, but in severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 7 g / dl) the fetus can be harmed and damaged. It has been found that in these cases increases the percentage of abortion or preterm delivery, perinatal mortality, puerperal infections, etc.



How is it diagnosed?



The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is relatively simple because after conducting a medical history of the patient and know their symptoms and signs, you can request an analysis of the ordinary blood that will indicate whether or not anemia and, if be present, if it is caused by iron deficiency or some other cause. Usually other tests are not necessary.



How is this disorder?



Treatment of this condition is logically administration deficient mineral, in this case iron. It is usually given in the form of ferrous salt by tablets or ampoules, generally from anemia diagnosed until it is resolved throughout gestation and often also in the postpartum period. In any case, as we noted before, preventive measures such as proper nutrition and extra iron supplements can prevent the onset of anemia.



Other anemias



Although the most common cause of anemia during pregnancy is iron deficiency, other types of anemia that highlight produced by a lack of vitamin B12 and called megaloblastic anemia because red blood cells become larger than normal. Treatment of this type of anemia is administration of vitamin B12, which should be done intramuscularly, ie, pricked, since vitamin B12 would be destroyed in the stomach if administráramos orally. There are other types of anemia varied (as produced by folic acid deficiency), thankfully rare and do not discuss in this article.

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