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Title : The Five Most Addictive Substances On Earth – And What They Do To Your Brain
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The Five Most Addictive Substances On Earth – And What They Do To Your Brain

id = " What are the most addictive drugs? This question seems simple, but the answer depends on whom you ask. From different viewpoints researchers, the possibility that a drug is addictive can be judged in terms of the damage caused The street value of the drug, the extent to which the active drug the dopamine system of the brain, as the pleasant people report that the drug that is, the extent to which the drug causes withdrawal symptoms, and the ease with which a person trying drugs become hooked.
There are other facets to measure the addictive potential of a drug, too, and there is even researchers who argue that no drug is always addictive. Given the view of researchers varied and then a form of classification of addictive drugs is to ask the expert groups. In 2007, David Nutt and his colleagues asked addiction experts to do exactly that -. With some interesting results 1. Heroin Nutt et al. Qualified heroin as the most addictive drug, giving it a score of 2.5 on a maximum score of experts 3. Heroin is an opiate that causes the level of dopamine in the brain's reward system to increase by until 200% in experimental animals. In addition to possibly be the most addictive drug, heroin is dangerous, too, because the dose that can cause death is only five times greater than the dose required for a high. Heroin has also been rated as second-most harmful drug in terms of damage to both users and society. The market of illegal opiates, including heroin was estimated at $ 68 million worldwide in 2009 . 2. Alcohol Although legal in the US and the UK, alcohol was ranked as the second most addictive substance by Nutt et al. Expert (scoring 2.2 out of a maximum of 3). Alcohol has many effects on the brain, but in laboratory animal experiments that increased levels of dopamine in the brain's reward system by 40-360% -. And the animals drank the increased dopamine levels Some 22% of people who have taken a drink will develop alcohol dependence at some point in their lives. WHO it has estimated that 2000000000 people use alcohol in 2002 and more than 3m people died in 2012 due to damage to the body caused by drinking. Alcohol has been classified as more harmful drugs other experts, too. 3. Cocaine Cocaine interferes directly with the use of brain dopamine to transmit messages from one neuron to another. Essentially, cocaine prevents turning dopamine neurons signal , resulting in an abnormal activation of brain reward pathways. In animal experiments, cocaine caused dopamine levels to rise more than three times normal level. It is estimated that between 14-20m people worldwide use cocaine and in 2009 the cocaine market was worth about $ 75 million . The crack has been described by experts as the third most harmful drug and powder cocaine, resulting in a smoother high, as the fifth most harmful. About 21% of people who they try cocaine become dependent on it at some point in their lives. Cocaine is similar to other addictive stimulants, such as methamphetamine - which is becoming a problem as it becomes more widely available -. And amphetamine 4. Barbiturates ( '' tranquilizers) Barbiturates - also known as blue bullets, gorillas, nembies, barbel and pink ladies - are a class of drugs that were originally used to treat anxiety and induce sleep . Interfere with the chemical signaling in the brain, the effect of which it is to close several brain regions. At low doses, barbiturates cause euphoria, but at higher doses can be lethal because they suppress breathing. barbiturate dependence was common when they were readily available by prescription drugs, but this has decreased dramatically as other medicines have been replaced. This highlights the role in the context addiction: if an addictive drug is not widely available, can do much harm. Nutt et al panels barbiturates expert as the fourth most addictive substance classified. 5. Nicotine Nicotine is the principal active ingredient of snuff. When someone smokes a cigarette, nicotine is rapidly absorbed through the lungs and delivered to the brain. While panels Nutt et al expert classified nicotine (snuff), since most addictive substance only 12 no reason to believe that nicotine is a powerful addictive drug. More than two-thirds of Americans who tried to become dependent reported smoking during their lifetime. In 2002, WHO estimated that there were over 1 billion smokers and it is estimated that the snuff will kill more than 8 million people per year in 2030. The laboratory animals have the good sense not to smoke. However, the rats press a button to receive nicotine directly into the bloodstream -. And that makes dopamine levels in the brain's reward system increase by about 25-40%
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