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Title : Factors affecting hospital costs in lung cancer patients
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Factors affecting hospital costs in lung cancer patients

Lung
cancer









Today cancer has become common  in this busy world. One of these cancer we
have lung cancer also, like all cancers, results from an abnormality in the
body’s basic unit of life, the cell.

Tumors  can be
benign or malignant when we speak of  “cancer”.
Benign tumors usually can be removed and do not spread to other parts of the
body. Malignant tumors on the other hand grow aggressively locally from where
they start, but tumor cells can enter into the bloodstream or lymphatic system
and then spread to other sites in the body.

Lung cancer can arise in any part of  lung, but 90%-95% of cancers of  the lung are thought to arise from the
epithelial cells. Cancers also can arise from pleura or rarely from supporting
tissues within the lungs, for example, the blood vessels.




Causes:-




·       
Smoking:-

The
main cause of lung cancer is smoking. Because what we inhale directly reaches
too our lungs and the smoke emitted from cigarette effects our lungs. About 90%
of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use.

·       
Asbestos fibers:-

Asbestos
fibers are silicate fibers that can persist for a lifetime in lung tissue
following exposure to asbestos. Asbestos was widely used in past as both
thermal and acoustic insulation. Today it has been banned in many countries, including
the U.S. Both lung and mesothelioma are associated with exposure to asbestos.

·       
Radon
gas:-

Radon
gas is natural radioactive gas that is a natural decay product of uranium that
emits a type of ionizing radiation. Radon gas is known of lung cancer, with an
estimated 12% of lung-cancer deaths attribute to radon gas. It can travel
through soil and enter homes through gaps in the pipes, drains.

·       
Familial
predisposition:-

Lung
cancer is not only caused by smoking but it can be a genetic problem also.

·       
Lung
diseases:-

The
presence of certain diseases of the lung, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is associated with an increased risk for the development of
lung cancer even after the effects of concomitant cigarette smoking are
excluded.

·       
Prior
history of lung cancer:-

Survivors
of lung cancer have a greater risk of developing a second lung cancer than the
general population has of developing a first lung cancer.

·       
Air
pollution:-

Air
pollution from vehicles, industry, and power plants can raise the likelihood of
developing lung cancer in exposed individuals. Up to 1%-2% of lung cancer deaths
are attributable to breathing polluted air.




Symptoms:-







·       
No
symptoms:-

In up to 255 of people who get lung
cancer, the cancer is first discovered on a routine chest X-ray or CT scan as a
solitary small mass sometimes called a coin lesion, the round tumor looks like
a small coin. These patients with small , single masses often report no
symptoms at the time the cancer is discovered.

·       
Symptoms
related to the cancer:-

The growth of cancer will create
problem in breathing and many others like, cough, shortness of breath,
wheezing, chest pain, and coughing up blood. It may also cause shoulder pain
that travels down the outside of  the
arm. Paralysis of the vocal cords can also be one of the symptom including
difficulty in swallowing.

·       
Symptoms
related to metastasis:-

Cancer that has spread to the bones
may produce excruciating pain.

·       
Neurologic
symptoms:-

Lung cancer can also damage our
neural functioning. This includes, blurred vision, headaches, seizures.

·       
Nonspecific
symptoms:-

Nonspecific symptoms include many
symptoms like weight loss, weakness, and fatigue some psychological symptoms
are also there such as depression and mood changes also are common.




Prevention:-






Cessation of smoking and eliminating the use of
tobacco is the best method to get relief from lung cancer. Many products such
as nicotine gum, nicotine sprays, or nicotine inhalers, may be useful to people
trying to quit smoking.

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