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Title : The Science Behind Leap Years And How They Work
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The Science Behind Leap Years And How They Work

id = " Most of the time, a year consists of 365 days. But this year, like 2012, a year and four years before that, has 366. And the most important day, a leap day, is (partly) what keeps our calendars in order to work. As users of a solar calendar, we rely on the sun to tell how long a year and when it starts each of the four seasons. It was designed to match our culture and habits as reliable - and visible - guide over time. the position of the sun on the horizon as it rises and sets moves over a year, further south in winter and north in the summer. This significant change is used to mark the middle of winter or summer break in the famous places like Stonehenge and New Grange . summer at Stonehenge. Andrew Dunn CC BY-SA But as a specific measure, one year, best described as a tropical year is defined as the time between the spring equinox and the following are the 365 days, five hours, 48 ​​minutes and 45 seconds. This period is rounded often up to 365 days and a quarter - although even the Greek astronomer Hipparchus realized more than 2,000 years ago this was a generous approach - and thus maintain our years aligned and predictable reassuring a leap day is added to the calendar every four years to allow the accumulation of neighbors otherwise four additional rooms. Moving Stations If we follow every year on a fixed amount of 365 days, months gradually change with the sun until in 750 years, June, in the northern hemisphere, it would fall in the middle of winter. Planning for the future will gradually become more and more complicated, and religious traditions with seasonal element, such as Christmas and Easter , it is inevitably become out of order. So it has been a considerable motivation for the cultures to maintain its precise and predictable schedules -. And the establishment of a viable system was a significant demonstration of power by the rulers of historical empires The actual length of each month and therefore the duration of one year dating back to Roman dictator Julius Caesar. This calendar "Julian" included leap days, but there was every three years instead. When Augustus - heir of Julius Caesar -became emperor he corrected this error and held its power and understanding of celestial movements through monuments like giant sundial of Augustus . This huge sundial meridian once stood in the Campus Martius in Rome, functionality calendar a constant reminder of the greatness of Augustus. But the Julian calendar was not perfect, either, since it was, in fact, just a little shorter than 365.25 days. Pope Gregory corrected this error in its Gregorian calendar 1582. As well as adding a leap day every four years, also chose to lose three days every 400 years. This was a decision Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox calendars that resisted for some time. Greece was the last country to accept the Gregorian reform in 1923. longer necessary The result of all this modern disputes is our current system of adding an extra day every four years. To adjust the unequal accuracy of the fraction, every 100 years this rule also jump and drop the extra day. Then every 400 years do not take the jump rule and have an extra day again. Yes, it's complicated. In 2000, for example, was a leap year, as it was divisible by four. But since it was also divisible by 400, the drop extra day every 100 years was not carried out. This long-term solution creates an average length of 365.2425 days year, still a little far from the target required 365.2421897 days, so even this modern arrangement incorrect complicated in a day over a period of just under 4,000 years. This error is part of the reason why sometimes include leap seconds at the end of June or December. However, this is not done on a regular basis and is determined by the deviation of the calendar by International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems . Since this adjustment is so small that is influenced by the general slowing down of the rotation of the Earth and the complex system of all solar system bodies on Earth. So they are not only leap the result of thousands of years of mathematical work, which are also a consequence of the rulers who impose their will on people's day to day life, and the gradual understanding of our place in the universe. Control schedules means controlling the rhythms of a culture - that is something for us all to think
on 29 February
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