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Title : Rising Extreme Weather Warns Of Ecosystem Collapse: Study
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Rising Extreme Weather Warns Of Ecosystem Collapse: Study

Study id = " The world's climate is changing . extreme weather events (floods, droughts, heat waves) and increase as global temperature increases. While we are beginning to learn how these changes affect people and individual species, which still do not know how ecosystems are likely to change. Research published in the journal Nature, using 14 years of data from NASA satellite, arid eastern sample of Australia are among the most sensitive ecosystems to these extreme events , along with tropical jungles and mountains. central Australia desert ecosystems are also vulnerable, but for different reasons. As the world warms, this information can help manage ecosystems and to anticipate changes or irreversible ecological collapse. The maps created from satellite data to show what ecosystems are extremely sensitive to climate (orange) and less sensitive (green). Both could be worrisome, as the world warms. Seddon et al. Inflection points The ecological theory tells us that as ecosystems get sick, they approach critical (also known as inflection points) thresholds. The more unhealthy they become, the faster they respond to shocks. Ecosystems crossing a critical threshold are transformed into new countries, often with losses in biodiversity, invasive alien species and forest mortality sudden events. For example, during the past 10 years, ecosystems in the western United States have experienced deaths of large-scale tree and meadows of native black grama have transformed the exotic, Lehmann lovegrass in South Africa. Farms and crops can be considered as agricultural ecosystems, and are very sensitive to climate variations. This means they are very difficult to handle for livestock and sustainable crop production under such conditions sudden intensification good times and bad. As human beings we show resistance weakened when we are sick, and we become more susceptible to external conditions. Similarly, slower than normal responses of ecosystems to external changes may also be indicative of a healthy ecosystem. Both measures, fast and slow, are early warning signs for ecosystem collapse. Ecosystems seen from space But how do we know if an ecosystem will collapse? Space offers a unique vantage point. The new research uses data from Imaging Spectrometer NASA Moderate Resolution (MODIS o) satellites. Satellites orbiting approximately 900 km above the Earth's surface, measure things like snow and ice, vegetation and the oceans and the atmosphere. The "green" satellites measure ecosystem, which indicates the amount of an ecosystem is growing. This is not too different from a farmer visually interpret signals of plant health based on color, except that satellites may have the ability to analyze the color in parts of the spectrum beyond our detection capabilities. The researchers developed a "sensitivity index of vegetation," which showed how ecosystems respond to changes in climate. In particular observed changes in temperature, cloudiness and rainfall. A positive aspect of this research is that it is especially noticeable that climate is the most important component in changing ecosystems paper. For example, changes in the alpine meadows to rising temperatures were attributed, while tropical forests were very sensitive to fluctuations in solar radiation (or cloud cover). dry ecosystems of Australia show dramatic changes between wet and dry. It is spinifex grasslands during the dry season. Spinifex covers about 20% of the land area of ​​Australia. James Cleverly, author gave Mulga trees during a wet period. Cleverly James, author gave vulnerable ecosystems of Australia of dry forests and semi-arid grasslands of eastern Australia, according to the study, are some of the most sensitive to climate change, along with the rain forests and alpine ecosystems regions. The main factor in Australia is water. This is in line with our recent study conducted in southeastern Australia since 2000, demonstrating, sudden swings depending on the most diverse ecosystems in semiarid ecosystems. This demonstrated the vulnerability of ecosystems in eastern Australia to climate variability and future extreme weather events. The new study also found central deserts of Australia and arid lands show unusually slow to climate variability responses, which is worrying. slower responses may be a warning that these ecosystems are approaching a critical threshold before collapsing. But this could also be an adaptation to extreme climate variability these ecosystems are already experiencing. Vegetation "knows" that the good times of rain, do not last so you can not invest in new growth that subsequently become a burden when it turns to drought. What this means for ecosystems? This research is not the end of history. Although satellite data are valuable, they can not tell us exactly what the causes or mechanisms of change in ecosystems. To do that, we need information on the ground, and data for long periods of time is difficult to achieve. An example is the research on the ecosystem of Australia, or TERN Terrestrial Network. The next step is to attribute the reasons why some systems appear to be more sensitive than others and most importantly, predict where and when critical transitions occur. When forests, grasslands and other ecosystems approach their critical thresholds, its resistance weakens and become highly susceptible to insects, pests, diseases, species invasions, and mortality. One way to help address the ecosystems may be reducing pressure on land, such as recreation, harvesting and grazing. If ecosystems collapse, we can mitigate some of the damage by helping wildlife and minimize soil erosion and runoff after the deaths of the trees. But most important is to recognize that each ecosystem will behave differently; some may collapse, but others survive


Source :. iflscience

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