Title : 10 Mysteries Of The Ancient World We’ve Just Awesomely Solved
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10 Mysteries Of The Ancient World We’ve Just Awesomely Solved
by Ivan Farkaslistverse.com
At the current rate of discovery, soon there will be no mystery left to solve, leaving all kinds of scientific unemployed. Just kidding, the crazy minds of past civilizations have left us a lot of work, sometimes insignificant, but always illuminating.
10. Animals Egyptians
The ancient Egyptians they were keen naturalists and tedious archivists, allowing modern researchers to reconstruct the ecology of the region, which flourished 6,000 years ago.
animal iconography was a common motif, and the assortment of local animals are kept at through a variety of media, including sculpture, rock art, ceremonial pieces and murals on walls of the tomb. Together, these sources provide a comprehensive record of the fauna of Egypt and a depressing reminder that of the 37 species of large mammals that once roamed the Earth, only eight remain.
the picture was markedly different in the pre-Christ era: Egypt reflected a north African Serengeti , inhabited by all sorts of people in savannah, including lions, wildebeests, zebras and wild dogs. Unfortunately, it has lost a good number of these creatures during periods of drought, although human competition and loss of habitat are also guilty.
With many elements of an ecosystem codependent the process accelerates as each new species is returned to dust . For example, each herbivore that dies provides less food source for predators. Researchers warn that the few survivors are at greater risk now than at almost any time since the end of the last ice age.
9. The fall of Cahokia
image Credit: Skubasteve834 some 1,000 years ago, was Cahokia largest city in North America , composed of 120 mounds distributed over 15 square kilometers (6 mi2) area adjacent powerful flood of Mississippi. At one time, the city had a population of 20,000, higher than London and other prominent European centers. By some estimates, an even more impressive than 40,000 inhabitants within its ancient boundaries of the city.
The settlement flourished until about 600-700 years ago when its population already in decline and recovering from struggles policies inherent in all civilizations apparently was decimated by a mysterious natural disaster. Now it seems that a number of megafloods was the culprit.
The discovery was accidental. The researchers were dredged sediments from Horseshoe Lake near the epicenter of the city. They were searching for fossils, artifacts and pollen to measure the extent of human activity in Cahokia.
Instead, they found evidence of numerous events of past floods, which occurred regularly before Cahokia was founded . Flooding took a break and then returned with a vengeance as long as the population declined. Therefore, a great life riverside city, which ensured its existence guarantees his fall also.
8. Mysterious cave Mural
image Credit: Docia cappa through YouTube archaeologists working on a hot spot neolithic near the Turkish city of Konya were very concerned about a mural depicting the cave what appears to be an extensive collection of Etch a Sketches enshrined beneath a carpet of leopard skin.
Initially discovered during previous excavations in the 1960s, researchers had been unable to agree on the interpretation of the mural. Some considered the world's oldest map showing the ancient community in Catalhoyuk during its heyday some 9,000 years ago. Others attribute to crazy, abstractions-unknown prehistoric themes designed by artists who have gone
Researchers now believe they have managed to decipher the riddle. The mural recorded a past volcanic eruption . The cells represent the settlement is viewed from above, the rare spotted object is nearby Mount Hassan, and the previously unintelligible branch lines thereof are magma flows and columns of smoke.
In support of this hypothesis, the mound pictured in the mural has two humps similar size as those of Monte Hassan, known as the small and great mountain Hassan. Moreover, pieces of pumice (volcanic rocks ejected) found in the area suggest that an eruption occurred about 8,900 years ago, when it was prosperous Catalhoyuk.
7. The alveolar skull
image Credit: Laurent Massoptier in 1480, the Italian city of Otranto was invaded by Ottoman forces, who looted the city and killed most adult men. He asked the remaining 800 men to renounce their Christian faith. After they refused, they were taken outside the city and summarily beheaded . Most women and teenagers were also killed, with the rest determined as slaves.
In 1771, abstainers were beatified as "martyrs of Otranto" and now they are honored as patron saints of the city under siege . Several centuries later, the skulls belonging to the recently canonized (circa 2013) martyrs are now on display in the Cathedral of Otranto. But curiously, someone drilled 16 holes on one of the skulls.
Fortunately, it seems that precisely drilled holes were added shortly after the death of waste skull harvest . bone powder was once a favorite remedy for various diseases, and we can only imagine that this holy bone powder was considered not goes. In fact, the tools used for the process appear to be of a type specifically designed to obtain a powder spray osseous matter.
6. uncomfortable coins Mysteriously
photo credit: Archaeological Project Tepe Ziyaret through University of Cambridge anthropologists discovered an ancient anachronism unburied world when a horde of coins in the form of clumsiness in an excavation site in Ziyaret Tepe, Turkey. With forms of pyramids wizards hats, coins clay serve as markers of trades that had been set in the ancient city of Tushan.
These devices were standard before the advent of written text. But from 3000 BC onwards, which disappeared from history. However, recently it discovered the arsenal in Turkey dates back to around 1000 BC, when the cuneiform writing was at its peak. Although the chips' assumed obsolescence, it seems that people still exchanged them rather than just transactions recording verbatim.
The chips are skillfully used in a throughout the empire system administration to catalog many goods and considerable resources of Neo-Assyrian nation. Like many farmers, shepherds and other workers were still inexperienced in the written word , coins offer the most efficient way to keep track of the animals. These numbers were tabulated in cuneiform tables literate city officials who recorded scores of products gates of the city are introduced.
5. Seashells and El Niño
Photo via Wikimedia the cycle of El Niño is the agent most influential in the short term, climate change, year by year. Until recently, researchers thought they had mapped accurately their past transgressions. However, a modest cache seashells shows that the previous cycles were similar to those we have today and suggests a new degree of unpredictability for those to come.
El Niño occurs when the winds that usually push the warm waters east through the cessation or change in direction equatorial Pacific, allowing increases in the average temperature of the sea. These semi-irregular changes eventually reverse and sometimes sea temperature drive below the average values in a process known as La and girl-completing a revolution of the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
researchers can predict these somewhat capricious winds, so our climate models assumed that El Niño was much weaker in the past, above all, 10,000 years ago. When analyzing mounds of giant shells that were discarded by the Indians in what is now Peru, researchers teased out climate thorough search by calculating the proportions of oxygen inside the shells.
Unfortunately, El Nino patterns of the past did not correspond with the scientific models that have attempted to explain its fluctuations. Previously, it seemed as if bobbling Earth through space was the culprit, with different levels of solar radiation affecting the force of events. However, shells discourage the effects of solar energy input, suggesting that other factors such as huge ice and water dumps melting glaciers have been seriously underestimated.
4. Stonehenge stones suggest an earlier monument
image Credit: Diego delso as the much-studied still remains a mystery Stonehenge continues to reveal its mysteries, scholars responsible for such things identified the slabs of blue stone originated in ancient place of work in Preseli Hills, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
Stonehenge is composed mainly of two types of stone. The large, independent pieces are a local sandstone called sarsen. The other bits, the aforementioned blue stone, are forged by volcanic processes and come in two flavors: rhyolite and dolerite "spotted". Dating suggests that settled about 400 years before more robust megaliths.
Thanks to a quirk of the local geology and gloomy weather of Wales, the blue stones produced naturally as pillars, and excavation Manual required little work other than jamming wooden stakes between the columns and waiting for rain. Exposed to a downpour, bets absorb water, expanded, and broke the stones preformed sheer cliff face.
After leaving the excavations around 3300 BC, researchers now believe that a Stonehenge Lite was first erected somewhere near the site of the quarry in Wales. The team is confident that they have found their old house and hope to confirm the theory in 2016.
3. Jotunvillur Code
Crypto-anthropologists just cracked a code of Viking of the late Middle ages tantalizingly left unresolved for many years. This happened thanks to a miniature Rosetta Stone, a simple engraving in which two people registered their names, both runic encoded and basic.
salivating at the prospect of deciphering the secret carefully guarded or at least one scandalous gossip, researchers instead encountered a joke 800 years old : the message said "Kiss me"
apparently, writing coded very differently used in the past. for the education and enjoyment rather than secrecy manifest. Some scammers even made a game of it, creating runes boastfully challenged others "I interpret if you can."
This was especially difficult for the jotunvillur code, which by its nature causes messages completely ambiguous. The desired characters (runes) are exchanged for the last sound on your behalf. For example, Maor (or "m") becomes "r".
Overall, the jotunvillur code reveals nothing critical, just a fun look at some playful antics unexpectedly Vikings .
2. Fabled Fortress Acra
image Credit: Israel Antiquities Authority archaeologists have rocketed announced the recovery of what they expect to be the legendary fortress Acra, founded two millennia ago by Greek ruler Antiochus Epiphanes and prominently described in the book of Maccabees, as well as by the historian Josephus.
Both sources put the strength within the City of David, which leads to expeditions failed and frustration over the past century. Instead, Acra is located outside the city walls on a hill overlooking strategically the town below and controlling all traffic to the temple on the Temple Mount Valley.
Of course, there were It has been since plastered on time and only reappeared after 10 years of scraping an old parking lot and sifting through soil layers established by the intermediate generations.
Under the dirt accumulated emerged the remains of a mighty tower, an imposing wall and an outer rampart soaking used as a defensive measure. The discovery is more valuable because it has given us clear picture of liquidation as it is written in 167 BC, on the eve of the lifting of the famous Maccabees.
Furthermore fortress, archaeologists digging out coins, jugs of wine, and even weapons parts, the same rocks, stones crossbow, and arrowheads launched by Hasmoneans in their attempts to conquer the fort. It was not until 141 BC Simon Maccabaeus, after a long siege, delighted with the surrender of Acra.
1. Roman Concrete
image Credit: James Cocks the mystery of how the Romans invented his famous concrete can finally they have been resolved by Campi Flegrei, a dormant volcano intermittently under the ancient city of Pouzzoli, which was established by the Greeks adventurers in 600 BC.
in 1982, hell again life, bubbling its way to the surface. In just two years, the ground 2 meters (6 feet) rose, so the dock currently shallow almost useless, before a procession of small earthquakes forced evacuation of 40,000 residents of Pouzzoli. However, interestingly, the volcano did not miss historic Pouzzoli by clouds.
examine why this was so, former resident Tiziana Vanorio-now an experimental geophysicist at Stanford-could have inadvertently solved an ancient mystery.
Agitation under the doomed city, a strange mix of rich mineral hot springs produce calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime aka). The bubbly lime up combined with ash to create a natural concrete connecting the boiler, to avoid a volcanic eruption in the form of gases and fluids vented through cracks in the ductile crust.
The concrete formed is not as similar to that of the Roman constructions that any intelligent observer must have noticed that the mix of local ash and sludge from land ceded this highly resistant material . Mining volcanic outputs is a dangerous business, so the Romans supplies its own lime to make your concrete.
"10 Mysteries Of The Ancient World We’ve Just Awesomely Solved", article source: riseearth.com
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