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Title : Calabar Bean (Physostigma Venenosum) Overview, Health Benefits, Side effects
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Calabar Bean (Physostigma Venenosum) Overview, Health Benefits, Side effects

Calabar Bean (Physostigma venenosum) Overview, health benefits, side effects

Calabar Bean (Physostigma venenosum) Overview

Calabar Bean (Physostigma venenosum) other names :. Chop nuts, nut Esere, Faba Calabarica, Fève of Calabar, Calabar bean, Jewish de l'Ordalie, Legume, Ordeal Bean, Physostigma, Physostigma venenosum

the plant known as the Calabar bean is a perennial woody vine. The calabar has a twining vine that can reach lengths of fifty feet or more in some plants. Calabar carries leaves in groups of three; the leaves are pinnate and quite large in size. The calabar has purple flowers when in bloom. The fruit pods dark brown each have two or three seeds black-brown, these are kidney-shaped and each grain is about an inch long.

Calabar bean (Physostigma venenosum) image

There is a thin, thin line that divides a deadly poison and a beneficial drug in most cases. The nature of this thin line between a poison and a drug can be illustrated very clearly by the fruit on the vine twining Woodland Calabar, an herb that is so named because it originated in an area of ​​Africa formerly known as the region Calabar. The habit of the vine is calabar to take root along the riverbanks, from this point of rooting out the plant reaches its stems and climbing up fifty to sixty feet high at the tallest trees in the forest. The calabar takes long clusters of large purple flowers of the vine and hang them in the spring wisteria flower swollen in the foliage. These flowers fade over time and the eggs develop in pods, brownish yellow six inches long. These ripen on the vine and split to reveal two or three brown seeds fat known as the grains of Calabar local.

The people of the ancient region calabar Africa once made great use of the vine calabar, until the last century or so, in fact, grain calabar was used by the natives of the area as a kind of botanical judge, jury, and even as an executioner in shamanic trials. For example, a person who had been charged with a felony would be forced to consume a drink made from plant seeds calabar ground. The person is presumed innocent if he or she regurgitated the mortal decoction. However, if the drink he or she died, it was believed that the person who had been guilty of the crime and believed to have deserved such a fate. This harsh judgment instead using the grains was a simple and direct system of tribal justice practiced by indigenous calabar, however, the rite of trial stopped due to disapproval of the British finally colonized the region. The British finally banned the cultivation of grain calabar as a way to end the practice of trial by ordeal. However, calabar vines still grew in nature, and as a result, the initial steps to ban the cultivation had little effect on the system test. The practice was banned by the British in the 19th century and were enforced strict measures to stop the tests. This resulted in the interruption of practice by the turn of the century.

The reason for the power calabar beans remained unknown for a long time. Once the grains are chemically analyzed, was found to possess several alkaloids, the main alkaloid physostigmine was, and this compound is a potent stimulator of muscle contraction. This alkaloid can cause death induce rapid contraction in the heart muscle, contraction of the diaphragm, and lung muscles shrink to the point that the rigid paralysis sets in and the person dies. This unique ability of the alkaloid has led to its use as a medicament to reverse the sedative action of different toxic substances such as atropine and curare - these sedative compounds bring death by relaxing the same muscles that affect physostigmine. Clinical researchers studied the property of this alkaloid, and as a result, doctors have also begun to use physostigmine and its synthetic analogue - neostigmine, to help stimulate the intestinal muscles to offset the impact of surgery and to reverse the symptoms of myasthenia gravis severe muscle weakness - that affects the face. Calabar bean extracts are mainly used in the field of ophthalmology, wherein the herbal extract is very useful because of the presence of alkaloids. The alkaloids of the Calabar bean are miotic and contract the pupil in the eye. In the disease such as Glaucoma , this effect helps reverse alkaloid accumulation of fluid pressure within the eyeball. - A situation that can lead to blindness if not treated

The name of the Calabar bean is derived from the West African region, in the area around the current Nigeria, once known as the Calabar, the vine is indigenous to this region. Currently, Calabar bean cultivation is carried out in parts of South America and in countries like India.

Read more: curare (chondrodendron tomentosum) Overview, health benefits, side effects

Calabar Bean (Physostigma venenosum) health Benefits

Calabar bean is a plant. Calabar bean seed is extremely toxic and is also used to make medicine.

The Calabar bean has a bad reputation on the African continent. Calabar beans, which were poisonous at a time when the traditional "ordeal poison" of native tribes. Toxic grains were used in the identification of a "witch" or a person possessed by evil spirits, as well as in identifying criminals. When a person is accused of a crime, he or she would have to eat more beans calabar, the accused and then observe and proclaimed innocent if he or she regurgitated beans and survived the ordeal - was a barbaric ritual. Although considered barbaric and illegal throughout Africa, the trail Calabar bean is still practiced in tribal rituals of some tribes living in remote areas. Calabar bean alkaloids and contain many other compounds, some chemicals extracted from the seeds have been used in the manufacture of agricultural insecticides and extracts have also been used in nerve gases used in chemical warfare.

The primary toxic compound found in the grain calabar is the alkaloid physostigmine. This compound helps in prolonging the activity of the main neurotransmitter in the brain - acetylcholine, this important neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulation of secretions in gastric tissue, and is responsible for the contraction of smooth muscles, and helps in dilating of blood vessels as well. The alkaloid helps prevent optic nerve damage and prevents loss of vision symptomatic of the dangerous condition known as glaucoma . The alkaloid extract is also used in combating toxicity caused by central nervous system drugs anticholinergics. The alkaloid also used to stimulate the intestinal tract. Alkaloids Calabar bean being investigated to see if can be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related brain disorders.

When forty-five children in Britain were accidentally poisoned by eating Calabar bean, the most prominent physical symptoms in children noticed in the hospital were the complete loss of all mobility, extreme prostration, children showed delay and weak pulse, sweating profusely, suffered from persistent cold extremities, who experienced vomiting episodes, and some of them came down with severe diarrhea that it lasted for days and days. One of the poisoned children who did not have nausea or vomited later died from toxic grains. Most physical symptoms that affect most children, six to seven hours only took to disappear.

Opinions differ in the type of symptoms induced grain Calabar, as some think it is a choking cause respiratory poison, while others think that mainly interferes with the contractions of the heart muscles and produces syncope in the body. Another property of the grain calabar seems to be his role as vertebral stunner that can reduce the excitability of peripheral ends of the motor nerves of the body, which causes the degradation of the excitability of the muscles, and directly slow reflex actions in the body . The initial action of the alkaloids in the Calabar bean constricting the blood vessels and leads to the second affects its expansion. The alkaloids of the Calabar bean lowered the tempo pulsation of the heart muscles. Due to the effect of sphincter contraction caused by plant alkaloids, a person ingests the grains may suffer from urinary retention.

Like medicine, Calabar bean is used for eye problems constipation , epilepsy, cholera and tetanus .

Calabar Bean (Physostigma venenosum) Side effects

Calabar bean is unsafe . Calabar bean is extremely toxic.

Calabar bean can cause excess saliva and sweat, reducing the size of the pupil of the eye, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea beats irregular heart, changes in blood pressure, confusion, convulsions, coma, severe muscle weakness, paralysis, severe breathing problems and death.

While Calabar bean is not safe for anyone, some people are at greater risk of serious side effects. Take special care to avoid Calabar bean if:

• You are pregnant or lactating.
• You have Parkinson's disease .
• have heart disease or slow heartbeat.
• has asthma.
• has diabetes .
• You have poor blood circulation that leads to tissue death (gangrene).
• is obstruction of the intestinal tract.

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