Title : Health risks of being overweight
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Health risks of being overweight
Do You Know Some of the Health Risks of Being Overweight?
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| a lady befour and after she lose weight |
1, Type 2 Diabetes
2, High Blood Pressure
3 , Heart Disease
4, Stroke
5 , Cancer
6, Sleep Apnea
7, Osteoarthritis
8, Fatty Liver Disease
9, Kidney Disease
10, Pregnancy Problems
How can I lower my risk of having health problems related to overweight and obesity?
Overweight and obesity may increase the risk of many health problems,
including diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. If you are
pregnant, excess weight may lead to short- and long-term health problems
for you and your child.
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| obesity |
What kinds of health problems are linked to overweight and obesity?
Excess weight may increase the risk for many health problems, including
type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure
heart disease and strokes
certain types of cancer
sleep apnea
osteoarthritis
fatty liver disease
kidney disease
pregnancy problems, such as high blood sugar during pregnancy, high
blood pressure, and increased risk for cesarean delivery
Gaining a few pounds during the year may not seem like a big deal. But
these pounds can add up over time. How can you tell if your weight could
increase your chances of developing health problems? Knowing your BMI
Body Mass Index
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| body max index range |
The BMI is
one way to tell whether you are at a normal weight, are overweight, or
have obesity. It measures your weight in relation to your height and
provides a score to help place you in a category:
normal weight: BMI of 18.5 to 24.9
overweight: BMI of 25 to 29.9
obesity: BMI of 30 or higher
Type 2 Diabetes
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| diabetes type 2 |
.What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which blood sugar levels are above
normal. High blood sugar is a major cause of heart disease, kidney
disease, stroke, amputation. In 2010 diabetes was the
seventh leading cause of death in the United States and Africa
Type 2
diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Family history and genes
play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors include a low
activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight around the waist. In
the United States, type 2 diabetes is more common among blacks.
How is type 2 diabetes linked to overweight?
About 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or
obese. It isn't clear why people who are overweight are more likely to
develop this disease. It may be that being overweight causes cells to
change, making them resistant to the hormone insulin. Insulin carries
sugar from blood to the cells, where it is used for energy. When a
person is insulin resistant, blood sugar cannot be taken up by the
cells, resulting in high blood sugar. In addition, the cells that
produce insulin must work extra hard to try to keep blood sugar normal.
This may cause these cells to gradually fail.
How can weight loss help
If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, losing weight may help prevent
or delay the onset of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, losing
weight and becoming more physically active can help you control your
blood sugar levels and prevent or delay health problems. Losing weight
and exercising more may also allow you to reduce the amount of diabetes
medicine you take.
High Blood Pressure
Know your health numbers
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| high blood pressure |
Measure Target
Target BMI 18.5-24.9
Blood Pressure 120/80 mm Hg or less
LDL (bad cholesterol) Less than 100 mg/dl
HDL (good cholesterol) Men: more than 40 mg/dl
Women: more than 50 mg/dl
Triglycerides Less than 150 mg/dl
Blood sugar (fasting) Less than 100 mg/dl
What is high blood pressure
Every time your heart beats, it pumps blood through your arteries to
the rest of your body. Blood pressure is how hard your blood pushes
against the walls of your arteries. High blood pressure (hypertension)
usually has no symptoms, but it may cause serious problems, such as
heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. A blood pressure of 120/80 mm
Hg (often referred to as "120 over 80") is considered normal. If the
top number (systolic blood pressure) is consistently 140 or higher or
the bottom number (diastolic blood pressure) is 90 or higher, you are
considered to have high blood pressure.
How is high blood pressure linked to overweight?
High blood pressure is linked to overweight and obesity in several
ways. Having a large body size may increase blood pressure because your
heart needs to pump harder to supply blood to all your cells. Excess fat
may also damage your kidneys, which help regulate blood pressure.
How can weight loss help
Weight loss that will get you close to the normal BMI range may greatly
lower high blood pressure. Other helpful changes are to quit smoking,
reduce salt, and get regular physical activity. However, if lifestyle
changes aren't enough, your doctor may prescribe drugs to lower your
blood pressure.
Heart Disease
What is heart disease.
Heart disease is a term used to describe several problems that may
affect your heart. The most common type of problem happens when a blood
vessel that carries blood to the heart becomes hard and narrow. This may
keep the heart from getting all the blood it needs. Other problems may
affect how well the heart pumps. If you have heart disease, you may
suffer from a heart attack, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, angina
(chest pain), or abnormal heart rhythm. Heart disease is the leading
cause of death in the world today.
How is heart disease linked to overweight?
People who are overweight or obese often have health problems that may
increase the risk for heart disease. These health problems include high
blood pressure, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar. In addition,
excess weight may cause changes to your heart that make it work harder
to send blood to all the cells in your body.
How can weight loss help.
Losing 5 to 10 percent of your weight may lower your chances of
developing heart disease. If you weigh 200 pounds, this means losing as
little as 10 pounds. Weight loss may improve blood pressure, cholesterol
levels, and blood flow.
Stroke
What is a stroke.
A
stroke happens when the flow of blood to a part of your brain stops,
causing brain cells to die. The most common type of stroke, called
ischemic stroke, occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery that carries
blood to the brain. Another type of stroke, called hemorrhagic stroke,
happens when a blood vessel in the brain bursts.
How are strokes linked to overweight?
Overweight and obesity are known to increase blood pressure. High blood
pressure is the leading cause of strokes. Excess weight also increases
your chances of developing other problems linked to strokes, including
high cholesterol, high blood sugar, and heart disease.
How can weight loss help.
One of the most important things you can do to reduce your stroke risk
is to keep your blood pressure under control. Losing weight may help you
lower your blood pressure. It may also improve your cholesterol and
blood sugar, which may then lower your risk for stroke.
Cancer
What kinds of cancers are linked to overweight and obesity?
Being overweight increases the risk of developing certain cancers, including
breast cancer.
What is cancer?
Cancer occurs when cells in one part of the body, such as the colon,
grow abnormally or out of control. The cancerous cells sometimes spread
to other parts of the body, such as the liver. Cancer.
How is cancer linked to overweight.
Gaining weight as an adult increases the risk for several cancers, even
if the weight gain doesn't result in overweight or obesity. It isn't
known exactly how being overweight increases cancer risk. Fat cells may
release hormones that affect cell growth, leading to cancer. Also,
eating or physical activity habits that may lead to being overweight may
also contribute to cancer risk.
How can weight loss help?
Avoiding weight gain may prevent a rise in cancer risk. Healthy eating
and physical activity habits may lower cancer risk. Weight loss may also
lower your risk.
Sleep Apnea
What is sleep apnea
Sleep apnea is a condition in which a person has one or more pauses in
breathing during sleep. A person who has sleep apnea may suffer from
daytime sleepiness, difficulty focusing, and even heart failure.
How is sleep apnea linked to overweight?
Obesity is the most important risk factor for sleep apnea. A person who
is overweight may have more fat stored around his or her neck. This may
make the airway smaller. A smaller airway can make breathing difficult
or loud (because of snoring), or breathing may stop altogether for short
periods of time. In addition, fat stored in the neck and throughout the
body may produce substances that cause inflammation. Inflammation in
the neck is a risk factor for sleep apnea.
How can weight loss help
Weight loss usually improves sleep apnea. Weight loss may help to decrease neck size and lessen inflammation.
Osteoarthritis
What is osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a common health problem that causes pain and
stiffness in your joints. Osteoarthritis is often related to aging or to
an injury, and most often affects the joints of the hands, knees, hips,
and lower back.
How is osteoarthritis linked to overweight?
Being overweight is one of the risk factors for osteoarthritis, along
with joint injury, older age, and genetic factors. Extra weight may
place extra pressure on joints and cartilage (the hard but slippery
tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint), causing them to
wear away. In addition, people with more body fat may have higher blood
levels of substances that cause inflammation. Inflamed joints may raise
the risk for osteoarthritis.
How can weight loss help?
For
those who are overweight or obese, losing weight may help reduce the
risk of developing osteoarthritis. Weight loss of at least 5 percent of
your body weight may decrease stress on your knees, hips, and lower back
and lessen inflammation in your body.
If you have
osteoarthritis, losing weight may help improve your symptoms. Research
also shows that exercise is one of the best treatments for
osteoarthritis. Exercise can improve mood, decrease pain, and increase
flexibility.
Fatty Liver Disease
What is fatty liver disease?
Fatty liver
disease, also known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), occurs when
fat builds up in the liver and causes injury. Fatty liver disease may
lead to severe liver damage, cirrhosis (scar tissue), or even liver
failure. Fatty liver disease usually produces mild or no symptoms. It is
like alcoholic liver disease, but it isn't caused by alcohol and can
occur in people who drink little or no alcohol.
How is fatty liver disease linked to overweight?
The cause of fatty liver disease is still not known. The disease most
often affects people who are middle-aged, overweight or obese, and/or
diabetic. Fatty liver disease may also affect children.
How can weight loss help?
Although there is no specific treatment for fatty liver disease,
patients are generally advised to lose weight, eat a healthy diet,
increase physical activity, and avoid drinking alcohol. If you have
fatty liver disease, lowering your body weight to a healthy range may
improve liver tests and reverse the disease to some extent
Kidney Disease
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| human kidney |
What is kidney disease?
Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that filter blood, removing
extra water and waste products, which become urine. Your kidneys also
help control blood pressure so that your body can stay healthy.
Kidney disease means that the kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood
like they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in the body.
It can also cause other problems that can harm your health.
How is kidney disease linked to overweight?
Obesity increases the risk of diabetes and high blood pressure, the
most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Recent studies suggest
that even in the absence of these risks, obesity itself may promote
chronic kidney disease and quicken its progress.
How can weight loss help
If you are in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, losing weight
may slow the disease and keep your kidneys healthier longer. You should
also choose foods with less salt (sodium), keep your blood pressure
under control, and keep your blood glucose in the target range.
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