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Title : FAST FACTS ON DIABETES
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FAST FACTS ON DIABETES

testing blood sugar

What is Diabetes? What causes Diabetes?

Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus,

describes a
group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose
(blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or
because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both.
Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience polyuria
(frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia)
and hungry (polyphagia).

Here are some key points about diabetes.

• Diabetes is a long-term condition that causes high blood sugar levels.


• In 2013 it was estimated that over 382 million people throughout the world had diabetes (Williams textbook of endocrinology).


• Type 1 Diabetes - the body does not produce insulin. Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1.


• Type 2 Diabetes - the body does not produce enough insulin for
  proper function. Approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide
  are of this type.


• Gestational Diabetes - this type affects females during pregnancy.


• The most common diabetes symptoms include frequent urination,
  intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, unusual weight loss, fatigue,
  cuts and bruises that do not heal, male sexual dysfunction, numbness and
  tingling in hands and feet.


• If you have Type 1 and follow a healthy eating plan, do adequate exercise, and take insulin, you can lead a normal life.


• Type 2 patients need to eat healthily, be physically active, and
  test their blood glucose. They may also need to take oral medication,
  and/or insulin to control blood glucose levels.


• As the risk of cardiovascular disease is much higher for a diabetic,
  it is crucial that blood pressure and cholesterol levels are monitored
  regularly.


• As smoking might have a serious effect on cardiovascular health, diabetics should stop smoking.


• Hypoglycemia - low blood glucose - can have a bad effect on the
  patient. Hyperglycemia - when blood glucose is too high - can also have a
  bad effect on the patient. 

      There are three types of diabetes:

1) Type 1 Diabetes

The body does not produce insulin. Some people may refer to this type as insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes, or early-onset diabetes. People usually develop type 1 diabetes before their 40th year, often in early adulthood or teenage years.


Type 1 diabetes is nowhere near as common as type 2 diabetes. Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1.

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Patients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin injections for
the rest of their life. They must also ensure proper blood-glucose
levels by carrying out
regular blood tests and following a special diet.


Between 2001 and 2009, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes among the under 20s in the USA rose 23%, according to SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth data issued by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

2) Type 2 Diabetes

The body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or the
cells in the body do not react to insulin (insulin resistance).


Approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are of this type.

measuring the glucose level in blood

Measuring the glucose level in blood
Some people may be able to control their type 2 diabetes symptoms by
losing weight, following a healthy diet, doing plenty of exercise, and
monitoring their blood glucose levels. However, type 2 diabetes is
typically a progressive disease - it gradually gets worse - and the
patient will probably end up have to take insulin, usually in tablet
form.


Overweight and obese people have a much higher risk of developing type 2
diabetes compared to those with a healthy body weight, lose weight now naturally in 9days: natural healthy weight lose. People with a
lot of visceral fat, also known as central obesity, belly fat, or
abdominal obesity, are especially at risk. Being overweight/obese causes
the body to release chemicals that can destabilize the body's
cardiovascular and metabolic systems.


Being overweight, physically inactive and eating the wrong foods all contribute to our risk of developing type 2 diabetes.Drinking just one of (non-diet)soda per day can raise your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 25%researchers from Imperial College London reported in the journal Diabetologia.
The scientists believe that the impact of sugary soft drinks on
diabetes risk may be a direct one, rather than simply an influence on
body weight.

type 2 diabetes

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is also greater as we get older.
Experts are not completely sure why, but say that as we age we tend to
put on weight and become less physically active. Those with a close
relative who had/had type 2 diabetes, people of Middle Eastern, African,
or South Asian descent also have a higher risk of developing the
disease.


Men whose testosterone levels are low have been found to have a higher
risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Researchers from the University of
Edinburgh, Scotland, say that low testosterone levels are linked to
insulin resistance

3) Gestational Diabetes

This type affects females during pregnancy. Some women have very high
levels of glucose in their blood, and their bodies are unable to produce
enough insulin to transport all of the glucose into their cells,
resulting in progressively rising levels of glucose.


Diagnosis of gestational diabetes is made during pregnancy.


The majority of gestational diabetes patients can control their diabetes
with exercise and diet. Between 10% to 20% of them will need to take
some kind of blood-glucose-controlling medications. Undiagnosed or
uncontrolled gestational diabetes can raise the risk of complications
during childbirth. The baby may be bigger than he/she should be.


Scientists from the National Institutes of Health and Harvard University
found that women whose diets before becoming pregnant were high in
animal fat and cholesterol had a higher risk for gestational diabetes,
compared to their counterparts whose diets were low in cholesterol and
animal fats. 






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