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Title : Knee Cartilage Damage Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
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Knee Cartilage Damage Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Damage to the knee cartilage causes, symptoms, treatment

What is cartilage?

There are three main types of cartilage in the body, hyaline, fibro, and elastic. Hyaline (or joint) cartilage surrounding the outer surface of the bones in the joint sites. Its function is to provide a smooth surface between the bone and also to act as a buffer for heavy loads that the joints are subject to. It consists of substances called collagen, proteoglycans and water. These allow the cartilage to withstand both tensile and compressive loads.

mechanism of injury

Cartilage is injured in one of two ways. An acute traumatic event, such as a torsion or strong impact knee injury can cause cartilage damage. Alternatively, repetitive micro-trauma and excessive burden of a joint or a part of the joint, in particular, can cause cartilage damage.

The degrees of injury

The severity of cartilage injury depends on the depth of the lesion. Grades range from 1 to 4 with 1 is the least severe. Typically, a one degree injury softening and perhaps fissures (cracks) in the cartilage, but the underlying bone is not exposed. In injury grade 4, the lesion extends to bone and bone there often important hematomas.

Signs and symptoms of damage to the knee cartilage

In order to diagnose a problem with cartilage from a doctor or a sports physiotherapist would take a subjective story detailed first place followed by a thorough clinical examination of the affected joint.

The most common symptoms of cartilage damage in the knee

Pain is generally well located on the site that is damaged. This can be intermittent, or constant associated with a specific type of movement. Generally, the pain is aggravated by weight bearing and impact activities such as running or daily activities like climbing stairs. Swelling, locking and / or shape may be present. The blockage is often due to a loose piece of cartilage that is wedged into the joint space. Shaping may or it may not be associated with pain.

common findings

The sensitivity at the site of the lesion is often present and can help differentiate among other conditions. There may be pain at the extremes of range of motion, as full flexion, or when you are asked the patient to perform a squat. loss of muscle mass quadriceps is common, often due to swelling or lack of use.

Research

In order to rule out other possible causes of knee pain, and also to confirm the clinical findings, physical therapist or physician may request an analysis sport. MRI is the best way to scan because they show both the extent of cartilage damage and also the involvement of the underlying bone surfaces. Although exploration is useful for determining the location of the lesion and rule out other diseases until arthroscopy is performed, the extent of damage is not precisely known.

Read more :? How long a knee replacement

The treatment for cartilage damage in the knee

Some tears cartilage can be managed successfully with conservative treatment regimen restoration of strength, balance and flexibility. However, if surgery is necessary, the following types of surgery are available.

Washing / debridement

This is the least invasive form of surgery, and involves removing the unstable pieces of cartilage and cleaning the board with a special solution. This is done either as a procedure itself, or can be done in preparation for a wider type of surgery.

Microfracture

The technique used here is to drill or peck small holes in the underlying bone in the area where the cartilage defect is. This procedure works by inducing degree of trauma to the bone that initiates a healing process and subsequently the cartilage defect is replaced by fibrocartilage. This is a very common procedure and has good results however, the new cartilage lacks some of the biomechanical properties of hyaline cartilage, especially its ability to withstand load.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)

This is a two-stage operation. The first step is to remove and harvest some cartilage cells from an aspect not bear weight on the knee. The cells are then placed in culture to expand the use of specific enzymes. It takes approximately 3-4 weeks. The second operation involves implanting the cells under a patch that has been harvested from the tibia (shin one) to cover the defect of the original cartilage. The patch is held in place by glue comprising fibrin. This seems to be the choice of treatment of the largest and most Italso defects appear to provide greater hyaline cartilage type is more durable.

Osteochondral Cylinder Transplantation (OCI)

This is similar to the above process, however this time, the caps of small bone taken from an aspect not bear weight knee and then inserted into pre-drilled holes in the defective area. The plugs are slightly larger than the holes to allow for a comfortable fit and give the best possible chance of re-generation cartilage. Some surgeons are also using fragments of corpses (from a deceased donor) to perform the same procedure. This is called an "allograft" as opposed to a "autograft ', as in the first
example.

Conclusion

cartilage damage is common in both group of young and old age. Although sometimes difficult to treat, new procedures and advanced surgical options are allowing the patient to have a greater choice in the type of intervention they have. Hopefully as the investigation progresses, procedures newer and even more successful will be available.

If you have any questions regarding any of the above, please contact one of the doctors or physiotherapists sports here in sports Medicine pure for more information.

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