Title : Genetically Modifying Humans Via Antibiotics? Something You Need To Know
link : Genetically Modifying Humans Via Antibiotics? Something You Need To Know
Genetically Modifying Humans Via Antibiotics? Something You Need To Know
By Lisa BloomquistA new class of antibiotics has been developed by researchers at Oregon State University. New antibiotics are called PPMOs, representing phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers of peptide conjugate. They are "a synthetic analogue of DNA or RNA that has the ability to silence the expression of specific genes." (1) The way PPMO antibiotics work is "specifically address the underlying genes of a bacterium." In plain English, PPMOs will genetically modify the bacteria.
This may not sound like a horrible thing in the initial view. The bacteria are generally regarded as evil (soap commercials have conditioned us), something to fight because some bacteria can cause illness and even death if your body is flooded with "bad" bacteria. However, bacteria and other single-celled organisms that form the human microbiome are intimate parts of every human being. On the Project Human microbiome:
The body of a healthy adult holds ten times more microbial cells than human cells, including bacteria, archaea, viruses and residents eukaryotic microbes in almost each body surface. Metagenome collectively by these microbial communities dwarfs the human genome in size, and its influence on the normal development, diet and obesity, immunity and disease are under active investigation. (2) Average 200 lbs human body contains 6 pounds of microbioma organisms, including several billion bacteria (3) . These bacteria act in symbiosis with us, which helps digest food, vitamins and extracts other food nutrients, regulate the immune system and even contribute to the personality of each individual. For an article published in Molecular Psychology
"CNS neurotransmission can be deeply disturbed by the absence of normal intestinal flora." (4) multiple neurochemicals are produced by intestinal bacteria, including 95% of serotonin in every human body (5) . Studies on mice have shown that behavioral changes can be triggered by changes in gut bacteria and has been shown that people with Crohn's disease and other gastrointestinal disorders often suffer from anxiety and depression. Health microbiome each person is intimately connected to both their physical and mental health.
The bacteria that make up our microbiome work synergistically with our human cells that the difference between "us" and " bacteria "is difficult to decipher. Where "that" began and "them" End? If all bacteria in a person's microbiome were killed off, that person would die. Bacteria are an intimate and important part of "us". In genetic modification of "them", we are genetically modifying "us?" How could genetically modified bacteria affect the balance of the human microbiota? How could affect body systems controls microbiome? How could a GM bacteria adversely affect human health, including personality and behavior?
One of many other things to consider is that mitochondria, the energy centers of our cells, are very similar in structure and design of bacteria. (6) Mitochondrial DNA is also much more vulnerable to environmental toxins than the rest of human DNA. (7)
Could PPMOs (or other drugs that genetically modified bacteria) modifying human mitochondria? If so, what are the consequences of having genetically modified mitochondria? One consequence is that human beings actually be genetically modified. Maybe that should be considered before developing genetically modified bacteria drugs.
There are thousands of medical and ethical questions to be asked about the development of genetically modified bacteria drugs. Unfortunately, I suspect that many people will you look away, assuming that PPMOs are just another antibiotic that are as safe as penicillin, instead of doing the really tough questions that must be done before it is altered permanently and irreversibly our mitochondrial DNA. I suspect that questions about whether or not antibiotics that alter the human microbiome must be created or not, will not be asked however, because the human mitochondrial DNA has been altered and damaged by a certain class of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones for years without anyone say a peep.
genetic modification through antibiotics is already happening
, more popularly known fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Levaquin (levofloxacin), Avelox (moxifloxacin), Floxin (Ofloxacin) and some other less used ones are switches topoisomerase. Disentangle bacterial DNA and lead to apoptosis, programmed cell death. This video explains how they work:
The chemical backbone of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, nalidixic acid, was developed in 1962 by George Lesher . (8) It became popular from the 1980s when pharmaceutical companies pressured the FDA to accept them as an antibiotic "first line of defense" despite the fact that it had proved toxic to mammalian cells. They increased in popularity after the 2001 Anthrax scare. They are used to treat urinary tract infections, sinus infections, bronchial infections, strep throat, etc. although side effects include psychosis (9) and the destruction of all the tendons in the body. A side effect refers to the light as "tendinitis" in the warning label. (A more complete list of the effects of fluoroquinolones can be found in www.ciproispoison.com . The person who wrote that list of things that happened to him as a result of taking Cipro was a happy, healthy, employees 31 years old when he took Cipro. he is off.)
Multiple studies have shown that quinolones / fluoroquinolones bacterial DNA adduct. (10) (11) This means that adhere to change and DNA, that DNA has altered hooked to it molecules and all duplicate cell versions have been altered. An example of another chemical that makes adduction DNA is Agent Orange.
Some of the DNA tests in people who have experienced serious adverse reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics have shown that molecules fluoroquinolone / quinolone has argued his human DNA, attaching to and change their DNA in perpetuity. (As the cells replicate, the altered DNA is also replicated.) An analysis of spectrogram DNA adduct mass showed molecules fluoroquinolone / quinolone had attached to each cell in the body of the subject, not only bacteria that make up your microbiome; the drug in their DNA adduction for them.
They, along with thousands of others who have had an adverse reaction to a fluoroquinolone, have been genetically modified by an antibiotic.
a large part of those who have been genetically modified by an antibiotic, have been subjected to irreversible damage to their DNA for no sensible reason at all. Fluoroquinolones are given out to treat benign infections such as sinusitis and urinary tract infections that can be treated with other antibiotics, safer. A 2011 study (12) found that 39% of patients receiving fluoroquinolone antibiotics they were given unnecessary (and the need for them was determined without taking into consideration that the DNA damage you can do for these drugs as this in fact is not recognized, despite the peer-reviewed above) studies.
26.9 million prescriptions for fluoroquinolone antibiotics were dispensed in the United States only (13) 2011. Similarly the massive numbers of prescriptions of these drugs are dispensed each year from Bayer Cipro patented in 1983. humanity has not ceased to exist, since these modifying drugs DNA was introduced into the market, but before finding that to be reassuring, note the following.
1. An article published in the September 2013 issue of Nature entitled "the topoisomerases facilitate transcription of genes linked to the long autism" (14) said, "Our data suggest that chemical or genetic products mutations that alter topoisomerases, and possibly other components transcription elongation machinery that interface with topoisomerases have the potential to strongly influence the expression of candidate genes long ASD. "Fluoroquinolone antibiotics deteriorate topoisomerases A post about this is on the Collective Evolution. - http://www.collective-evolution.com/2013/09/18/a-horrifying-cause-of-autism...
2. anthraquinone was found in the subject underwent DNA testing. Anthraquinone causes an inflammatory process in the body and causes pain, burning, and hurting feelings, a condition that is often confused with fibromyalgia . ( 15 )
3. fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been shown to damage the mitochondria ( 16 ) ( 17 ) ( 18 ) and "the damage to mitochondria is now understood to play a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders apparently unrelated such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dementia, Alzheimer's disease , epilepsy, migraine, stroke, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C and primary biliary cirrhosis. " (19)
Therefore, if you wonder what happens when humans are genetically modified, the experiment is carried out as you read this post. Since the fluoroquinolone antibiotics have become popular, rates of autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, dementia, disease, epilepsy, migraine, stroke, neuropathic pain, disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, artery disease coronary chronic fatigue syndrome Parkinson's disease, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C and primary biliary cirrhosis have increased considerably.
Perhaps the question of intelligence to alter human DNA antibiotics can be questioned before PPMOs are introduced into the market, compared with more than 30 years later, as in the case of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones. it would be a sign of wisdom and desire for sustainability as a species. Unfortunately, neither the wisdom nor sustainability are valued at the time and I suspect the farce of people being genetically altered by fluoroquinolones will continue and that the farce of people is altered by PPMOs will begin.
Post Script:
1. If enough people gathered, was testing his DNA got those performed by a toxicologist results, and appropriate investigation published in the results, he could stop this atrocity. Note that both Bayer (producer of Cipro and Avelox) and Johnson and Johnson (producer Levaquin), and even generic producers of these drugs, has very deep pockets.
2. The author's blog www.floxiehope.com
Article Source:.
1. Drug Discovery and Development "Beyond Antibiotics: new approach for bacterial infections," published online 10/16/13 - http://www.dddmag.com/news/2013/10/beyond -antibiotics-new -approach-bacterial ...
2. PLOS collections, "Table of Contents: Collection of human microbiome project" http: //www.ploscollections.org/article/browseIssue.action ...
3. Neergaard, Lauran, "Human microbiome project: 10,000 species of microbes in and on our bodies," HuffPost Healthy Living, 06/13/2012 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/13/ - human microbiome-project ...
4. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jun; 18 (6): 666-73. doi: 10.1038 / mp.2012.77. Epub 2012 June 12. The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates hippocampal serotonergic system in a manner dependent sex. Clarke G, S Grenham, Scully P, P Fitzgerald, Moloney RD, Shanahan M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22688187
5. Carpenter, Siri. "That feeling: With a sophisticated neural network transmission of messages of billions of bacteria in the gut brain exerts a powerful influence on who is in the head, new research suggests." Monitor on Psychology. American Psychological Association. September 2012, Vol 43, No. 8 Print version: page 50 http://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/09/gut-feeling.aspx
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondria
7. John Neustadt and Steve R. Pieczenik. "Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease." Mol. Nutr. Res food. 2008.52 780-788 http://psychrights.org/Research/Digest/NLPs/DrugsCauseMitochondrialDamage.pdf
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolone_antibiotic
9. Moorthy Nagaraja, N. Raghavendra, and P. N. Venkatarathnamma. "Levofloxacin-induced acute psychosis." Indian J Psychiatry. 2008 Jan-Mar; 50 (1): 57-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745871/
10. Arkady B. Khodursky and Nicholas R. Cozzarelli. "The mechanism of inhibition of topoisomerase IV quinolone antibacterial" The Journal of Biological Chemistry. August 5, 1998. http://www.jbc.org/content/273/42/27668.full
11. G. PALLJ *, S. VALISENA *, Ciarrocchi G., B. Gatto, and M. PALUMBO. "Quinolone DNA binding is mediated by magnesium ions." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 89, pp. 9671-9675, October 1992 Biochemistry. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC50194/pdf/pnas01094-0315.pdf
12. Nicole L Werner, Michelle T Hecker, Ajay Sethi and Curtis J K Donskey. "Unnecessary use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in hospitalized patients." BMC Infectious Diseases. Volume 11. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/11/187
13. "Press FDA Drug Safety: FDA required label changes to warn of the risk of possibly permanent damage to nerves fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs taken orally or by injection" 15/08/2013 http: // www.fda.gov/ downloads / Drugs / DrugSafety / UCM365078.pdf
14. Ian F. King, Chandri N. Yandava, Angela M. Mabb, Jack S. Hsiao, Hsien-Sung Huang, Brandon L. Pearson, J. Mauro Calabrese, Joshua Starmer, Joel S. Parker, Terry Magnuson, Stormy J. Chamberlain, Benjamin D. Philpot and Mark J. Zylka. "Topoisomerase facilitate transcription of long genes linked to autism." Nature 501, 58-62 (September 5, 2013) doi: 10.1038 / nature12504 Received January 17, 2013 accepted the July 24, 2013 Published online August 28, 2013 http: // www. nature.com/nature/journal/v501/n7465/full/nature12504.html
15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinone
16. "Dodge antibiotics side effects." July 3, 2013. http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/117/
17. "Find How Antibiotics Work" 19 April 2012. Media Relations MIT. http://web.mit.edu/press/2012/pinpointing-how-antibiotics-work.html
18. J W Lawrence, Claire D C, V and T Weissig C Rowe. "Cytotoxicity and cleavage of mitochondrial DNA in mammalian cells treated Ciprofloxacin delayed." Molecular Pharmacology November 1996 vol. 50 no. 5 1178-1188 http://m.molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/50/5/1178.abstract
19. John Neustadt and Steve R. Pieczenik. "Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease." Mol. Nutr. Res food. 2008.52 780-788 http://psychrights.org/Research/Digest/NLPs/DrugsCauseMitochondrialDamage.pdf
Source: collective evolution
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